Why Do Opioids Stop Working?
/By Forest Tennant, PNN Columnist
One of the most common complaints that we receive from people with intractable pain syndrome (IPS) is that opioids quit working when they previously provided good pain relief. They usually report that increasing the dosage was ineffective as well. The cause is known as “opioid receptor failure.”
Every person with IPS who takes daily opioids needs to carefully review the information given here. Once your opioid quits working, it will likely not work again. You can be left without good pain control options.
Patients are at risk for opioid receptor failure if they use a long-acting opioid such as a fentanyl patch, or oxycodone, morphine, hydromorphone or methadone. Intrathecal pump administration of any opioid also raises the risk for opioid receptor failure.
The reason for this is that long acting and intrathecal opioids never leave the blood and spinal fluid. Consequently, they continually coat opioid receptors, and with prolonged use they literally render the receptor incapable of pain relief.
A good analogy is stretching a rubber band too long and seeing it lose its elasticity. The receptors may become permanently altered. Short acting opioids leave the blood and spinal fluid for a time and that lets the receptors recuperate and re-energize, so opioids usually stay effective over a long-time period.
How to Keep Opioids Working
Opioid receptors hold up better in patients who take vitamin and mineral supplements, and have diets low in sugar and starch, and high in proteins and green vegetables.
Hormone levels must be normal to keep opioids effective. Opioid receptors require adequate blood levels of testosterone, cortisol and pregnenolone.
What To Do If Opioids Quit Working
Here are six recommendations to try, but remember when opioids quit working, they may not work again.
Get a hormone test for testosterone, cortisol and pregnenolone. If you have a deficiency, start hormone therapy and continuously raise the dosage over a 6-week period until your hormone level is normal.
Start a nutrition program with vitamins, minerals, and a low sugar/starch, high protein/green vegetable diet.
Switch to a short acting opioid, if possible.
The addition of an adrenaline or dopamine stimulant such as Adderall or Ritalin may help.
Get an injection of ketorolac to determine if this potent anti-inflammatory analgesic may provide some pain relief.
Take taurine 4,000-8,000 mg per day for 5 days. If there is improvement, continue at 2,000 to 4,000 mg per day.
If you are doing well on a long-acting or intrathecal opioid, don’t stop. Some persons on long acting and intrathecal opioids do well for years. But don’t get overconfident. Opioid receptor failure can be sudden and unexpected.
Forest Tennant is retired from clinical practice but continues his research on intractable pain and arachnoiditis. This column is adapted from newsletters recently issued by the IPS Research and Education Project of the Tennant Foundation. Readers interested in subscribing to the newsletter can sign up by clicking here.
The Tennant Foundation gives financial support to Pain News Network and sponsors PNN’s Patient Resources section.
