Opioid Hysteria Has Gone Too Far

By Lisa Kehrberg, MD, Guest Columnist

I’m a 43-year-old physician who retired due to illness at the age of 39. I have a rare genetic disease called acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), an extremely painful and disabling condition.

Due to an enzyme deficiency, AIP causes toxins to buildup in the liver. The symptoms of porphyria are primarily neurological with the most notable being abdominal pain -- a burning sensation that is almost unbearable. The pain is similar to what I’d imagine it would feel like to have a blowtorch placed against my stomach and back.

Acute porphyria also causes peripheral neuropathy in the hands and feet. Along with the pain comes severe nausea, vomiting, headaches, fatigue, muscle weakness, motor neuropathy, and fluctuations in blood pressure and pulse. About 10 percent of AIP patients have a severe form of the disease referred to as “high excreter, recurrent attacks.”

Unfortunately, I am in that 10 percent.

Initially, I only had monthly attacks lasting 3-5 days, starting in my teenage years. Somehow, I managed to complete my education and training and became a physician despite that.

I was not finally diagnosed with AIP until the age of 39, when I suffered a life-threatening porphyria attack. It was almost too late for me at that point, as the attack was so severe that I was no longer able to work or do much at all. There is a one percent mortality rate during each AIP attack and I’ve had hundreds of them, so I’ve been lucky.

My older brother died unexpectedly at the age of 39. Genetic testing of autopsy samples later determined he had the same AIP gene mutation as I have. He died prior to my diagnosis and his gene mutation was discovered as I lay in a hospital bed being told my diagnosis.

LISA KEHRBERG, MD

At first, I felt such strong relief that my life was saved and sadness for my brother. But as the months passed, and I became sicker and more in pain, I started feeling a bit jealous of my brother. He was able to at least die with some dignity and is no longer suffering.

The pain that I experience is severe and the only thing effective enough to bring it down to tolerable levels is opioid medication. I’ve tried everything possible. Pain is a subjective experience and only the person experiencing it can know the severity and what helps to improve it.

I have difficulty understanding the response from some in the medical community, government, media and general public, who are so focused on “opioid addiction” that they are unable to see patients like me and empathize with us.

The media’s response has been extremely damaging. It seems people do not understand that addiction is a separate issue from pain management. Why is it that every time prescription pain medication is discussed, it's only in reference to addiction and the opioid epidemic? What about people like me who live with a life-threatening and severely painful disease? Not many reporters seem interested in that side of the story.

I have watched now as countless pain patients have taken their own lives due to discontinuation of their pain medication, often without any warning or consent. Physicians are not the problem in this. Physicians want to help patients. Physicians are being misled, brainwashed and even punished into thinking that prescription opioids usually lead to addiction.

Fortunately for patients like me, palliative care is a growing field and I’m so appreciative of my palliative care physician. I’m frightened for the future, not only for myself, but really for everyone. Pain affects everybody at some point in their lives. Whether it’s you, a family member or a friend -- pain will be there.

Everybody should be afraid of the direction where things are going. Even cancer patients at end of life are being denied appropriate pain treatments. Insurance companies are denying coverage for pain medications and getting away with it. I encourage everyone to please use common sense in this climate where the pendulum has swung too far in the wrong direction.

Lisa Kehrberg, MD, is a retired family practice physician who specialized in pain management. You can read more about Lisa at the American Porphyria Foundation’s website.

Pain News Network invites other readers to share their stories with us. Send them to editor@painnewsnetwork.org.

The information in this column should not be considered as professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is for informational purposes only and represents the author’s opinions alone. It does not inherently express or reflect the views, opinions and/or positions of Pain News Network.

Kratom Linked to Salmonella Outbreak Recalled

By Pat Anson, Editor

A kratom wholesaler and retailer based in Oregon is recalling three brands of the herbal supplement that may be contaminated with Salmonella bacteria.

PDX Aromatics of Portland, Oregon said the recall involves 10,000 packages of kratom powder that were sold to customers between January 18, 2018 and February 18, 2018 through company websites, under the brand names Kraken Kratom, Phytoextractum and Soul Speciosa.

“PDX Aromatics has identified a supplier in our supply chain as the source of Salmonella. The company has removed that supplier from our supply chain and all associated products from our facility. We have ceased distribution of products in order to perform a facility audit and have initiated a voluntary recall," the company said in a statement on its website.

(Update: On March 16, after "additional positive findings of Salmonella" in its kratom products, PDX expanded the recall.)

The company said it was notified by health officials in California that “certain lots of the product” tested positive for Salmonella bacteria and that there was one confirmed illness associated with its kratom powder.

Salmonella is a bacterial infection usually spread through contaminated food or water. Most people who become infected develop diarrhea, fever and stomach cramps. Severe cases can result in hospitalization or even death.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced last month that it was investigating a Salmonella outbreak linked to kratom – an herbal supplement imported from southeast Asia that millions of Americans use to treat chronic pain, addiction, depression and anxiety.

At least 40 people have been sickened by the outbreak in 27 states. Seventeen of them said they had consumed kratom in pills, powder or tea. Most said they had bought kratom online, but some purchased it at retail locations.

The first illnesses were reported in October 2017 – three months before the timeline of kratom products involved in the PDX Aromatics recall.  Until a common source of Salmonella bacteria is identified, the CDC has recommended that people stop consuming all kratom products.

PDX Aromatics said customers would receive a full refund once the recalled kratom products are returned. A complete list of the brands and lot numbers involved in the recall can be found here.

Last month the Food and Drug Administration recalled three brands of kratom dietary supplements made by Missouri-based Divinity Products. The company agreed to the “voluntary destruction” of its kratom products, even though there have been no reports of harm or illnesses associated with them.

New Blood Test Launched for Fibromyalgia

By Pat Anson, Editor

A Tennessee laboratory has launched an innovative new blood test that uses RNA analysis to diagnose patients with fibromyalgia. IQuityLabs says its test – called IsolateFibromyalgia – can identify fibromyalgia within a week and with over 90 percent accuracy. The test costs $599.

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a molecule that plays an essential role in sensing and communicating responses to cellular signals. Unlike DNA tests, which can only predict the likelihood of someone having a disease, RNA tests show what is actually happening at a cellular level. 

IMAGE COURTESY OF IQUITY

“When we look at RNA in blood, we’re looking at a snapshot of what’s actually taking place at that moment inside the patient’s blood cells,” explained Chase Spurlock, CEO of IQuity. “Using that information, we can decipher those molecular communication patterns, those RNA signals that are taking place, and figure out does it look like fibromyalgia syndrome or does it look like something else?

“In the case of fibromyalgia, we completed our clinical validation studies and our accuracy is at 94 percent and the sensitivity and specificity are greater than 90 percent as well. So, it’s a highly actionable test.” 

The National Institutes of Health estimates that about 5 million Americans suffer from fibromyalgia, a poorly understood disorder characterized by deep tissue pain, fatigue, headaches, mood swings and insomnia. It often takes years for a patient to be diagnosed with fibromyalgia and some doctors still refuse to recognize it as a disease.

In 2013, California-based EpicGenetics launched the first fibromyalgia blood test. The FM/a test looks for chemokines and cytokines, which are protein molecules produced by white blood cells. Fibromyalgia patients have fewer chemokines and cytokines than healthy people, according to EpicGenetics, and have weaker immune systems as a result. Critics say the FM/a test is unreliable and the same molecule levels can be found in people with other disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Spurlock says RNA testing is more specific and accurate than DNA or other blood tests used to diagnose autoimmune conditions. 

“I think what this test will do is allow for clarity and efficiency in the provider-patient relationship,” he said. “Once we receive the blood samples here, our lab technicians process the sample and we report the result back within a week.” 

Last year IQuity launched blood tests to diagnose multiple sclerosis and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It hopes to further develop the science to diagnose other autoimmune disorders.

Tips for Surviving the Rising Cost of Healthcare

By Barby Ingle, Columnist

In my 20+ years as a chronic care patient, I have had over $1 million in medical bills. By the time I pass away, it may be nearing the $2 million mark for me.

Although insurance covered most of my healthcare costs, I’ve paid tens of thousands of dollars in out-of-pocket expenses and deductibles. Chronic illness can wipe you out financially. I had to sell my house to help pay the bills. Family and friends pitched in by hosting medical fundraisers for me.

This was before I realized that I was overpaying, that I could negotiate some prices, and that there were time savers and tools I could use to help keep costs down.  Here are a few tips that I use to keep my medical expenses low.

Shop around for healthcare services. Use websites like Amino, BuildMyBod or Healthcare Bluebook to find out what your out-of-pocket costs are likely to be for an x-ray, lab test or doctor’s appointment. They can also help you choose an insurance plan that will cover the treatments you are most likely to need.

Many providers have cash prices for procedures or tests that are lower than what they charge insurers. I have even paid cash to a provider, submitted the insurance claim myself and received a full refund.

Had my provider submitted the paperwork, it would have cost me more out-of-pocket and my care would have been delayed waiting for a prior authorization.

When it comes to prescriptions, check for deals, coupons and if generic medication is available. Don't be afraid to ask. Many pharmacy chains sign contracts with pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) that bind them not to tell a patient that the cash price would be lower, unless the patient asks first. This is known as a PBM clawback and it leads many patients to abandon their scripts because they don’t think they can afford to pick up the medication. 

Pharmacies, manufacturers and coupon companies offer discount pricing that can save you significant amounts.  Walgreen's has a prescription savings club, which can provide savings from $50 to over $100 on a 90-day supply of a medication. I primarily use Walgreen's, but if another pharmacy has a lower price for something like an antibiotic, I will go to them.

I also have my doctor sign my scripts “fill as written,” which can lower the cost of brand name medications run through my insurance card. Always check on how similar the generic is to the brand name. By law they only have to be 70% of the original formulation. The fillers used in generic drugs can vary, so things like time-released medication can work differently than the brand name. It’s important to check on this when looking at how much savings you can create. You want the generic medication to work just as effectively for you.

Walk-in clinics are becoming popular for routine care appointments. By my house there is an urgent care clinic and a Walgreen's clinic that offer online check-in so that patients can avoid lengthy waits. They call or send a text to let you know you are next, so you can head down and spend less time in their waiting room with other sick people. In major cities there are health fairs that offer free or low-cost medical services to uninsured and under insured patients.

I also utilize concierge providers through a monthly subscription. Anything the primary care provider can do in his office is included in the monthly fee, which if you pay quarterly or yearly will be even lower. Sometimes I don’t even have to go see the doctor, I can teleconference with him and he can just call in a script that I will get quicker and cheaper. I save the more expensive ER visits and specialty care for real emergencies like allergic reactions, broken bones, and other life-threatening situations I have had.

My final tip is the use of health apps that allow patients to check the prices of prescriptions, get discounts, print medical records, and store emergency information on your phone for paramedics to access. I like GoodRx and Needy Meds for finding the least expensive medications nearby. And I use HealthTune’s app for mindfulness music, which is a free streaming platform that offers scientifically researched music to support your health.  

No matter what choices you make to save money, the more organized you are with your healthcare and medical records, the better your future care will be. I’d love for you to share in the comment section what tips you use to keep your healthcare costs down.

Barby Ingle lives with reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), migralepsy and endometriosis. Barby is a chronic pain educator, patient advocate, and president of the International Pain Foundation. She is also a motivational speaker and best-selling author on pain topics.

More information about Barby can be found at her website. 

The information in this column should not be considered as professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is for informational purposes only and represents the author’s opinions alone. It does not inherently express or reflect the views, opinions and/or positions of Pain News Network.

What the JAMA Opioid Study Didn’t Find

By Roger Chriss, Columnist

A recent opioid study published in the Journal Of the American Medical Association (JAMA)  evaluated pain management in patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis and low back pain.

The study by VA researcher Erin Krebs, MD, and colleagues found that “treatment with opioids was not superior to treatment with nonopioid medications for improving pain-related function over 12 months.”  

That finding was widely and erroneously reported in the news media as meaning that opioids are ineffective for all types of chronic pain.

But the most fascinating result of the study – the one not being reported -- is what wasn’t found. The 108 people in the study who took opioids for a year did not develop signs of opioid misuse, abuse or addiction, and did not develop opioid-induced hyperalgesia – a heightened sensitivity to pain.

And no one died of an overdose.

This is significant because it runs counter to commonly held beliefs in the medical profession about the risks of prescription opioids. Here are a few recent examples:

“Opioids are very addictive and their effectiveness wanes as people habituate to the medication,” Carl Noe, MD, director of a pain clinic at the University of Texas Medical Center wrote in an op/ed in The Texas Tribune.

Don Teater, MD, a family physician in North Carolina, also believes that people on long-term opioid therapy experience dose escalation, which leads to hyperalgesia. “Opioids cause permanent brain changes,” Teater told USA Today.

Krebs herself has made similar comments. "Within a few weeks or months of taking an opioid on a daily basis, your body gets used to that level of opioid, and you need more and more to get the same level of effect,” she told NPR.

But the Krebs study didn’t see any of that happen.

Krebs and colleagues closely monitored the 108 people in the opioid arm of the study, using “multiple approaches to evaluate for potential misuse, including medical record surveillance for evidence of ‘doctor-shopping’ (seeking medication from multiple physicians), diversion, substance use disorder, or death.” They also had participants complete the “Addiction Behavior Checklist” and assessed their alcohol and drug use with surveys and screening tools.

What did Krebs find in the opioid group after 12 months of treatment?

“No deaths, ‘doctor-shopping,’ diversion, or opioid use disorder diagnoses were detected,” she reported. “There were no significant differences in adverse outcomes or potential misuse measures.”

Health-related quality of life and mental health in the opioid group did not significantly differ from the non-opioid group – and their anxiety levels actually improved.  

These are observational findings in the study. They were not a part of what Krebs and colleagues were specifically trying to measure. As the study notes: “This trial did not have sufficient statistical power to estimate rates of death, opioid use disorder, or other serious harms associated with prescribed opioids.”

ERIN KREBS, MD

But they are valuable observations. They note what didn’t happen in the study. Over 100 people were put on opioid therapy for a year, and none of them showed any signs of dose escalation or opioid-induced hyperalgesia, or any evidence of opioid misuse, abuse or addiction.

Krebs told the Minneapolis Star Tribune that this “could reflect the fact that the study did not enroll patients with addiction histories, and because the VA provided close supervision to all participants during the yearlong study.”

In other words, Krebs and colleagues used an opioid prescribing protocol that achieved an admirable level of patient safety. Their approach is similar to what many pain management practices currently pursue and what the CDC and various state guidelines recommend: Risk assessment before initial prescribing and careful monitoring over time.

The Krebs study provides rare and detailed observations of what happens when people are put on long-term opioid therapy. A lot of what is claimed about dose escalation, opioid-induced hyperalgesia, and misuse or abuse didn't happen at all.

This outcome demonstrates that long-term opioid therapy can be safe and effective, and may be useful in treating other chronic conditions, from intractable neuropathies to painful genetic disorders. That’s worth reporting too, isn’t it?

Roger Chriss lives with Ehlers Danlos syndrome and is a proud member of the Ehlers-Danlos Society. Roger is a technical consultant in Washington state, where he specializes in mathematics and research.

The information in this column should not be considered as professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is for informational purposes only and represents the author’s opinions alone. It does not inherently express or reflect the views, opinions and/or positions of Pain News Network.

FDA Moves Forward on Stem Cells

By A. Rahman Ford, Columnist

The Food and Drug Administration is finally getting the message.

In a special report published in The New England Journal of Medicine, the FDA makes a clear and positive shift in its stem cell policy – conceding that the old paradigm of drug approval just doesn’t work for stem cells.

The report, entitled “Balancing Safety and Innovation for Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine” is authored by FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, MD, and Peter Marks, MD, Director of the FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. 

Although short on specifics, Gottlieb and Marks declare their openness to creating alternative paths toward FDA approval of stem cell products – a policy change that could help stem cell therapies get to market faster and help patients sooner. This is a welcome move by the FDA. 

The tone used by the authors signals that the FDA is listening to the voice of the people and stem cell developers. Gottlieb and Marks wrote the FDA must take “an original policy approach to the regulation of a highly innovative field, one in which [the FDA’s] traditional approach to regulation may not be as efficient or effective as in more mature fields.” 

They maintain further that by working “within the existing regulatory framework” and by adopting “new principles,” the FDA’s premarket evaluation of stem-cell therapies will become more efficient. 

It seems the agency could no longer ignore the fact that patients – such as those who suffer from chronic pain – cannot wait for the rusty gears of the antiquated clinical trial process to churn out the treatments they need to save their lives.

FDA Breaks with Past

The tone set by Marks and Gottlieb differs significantly from that of Gottlieb’s predecessor, Robert Caliiff, MD, who co-authored a NEJM article last year entitled “Clarifying Stem Cell Therapy’s Benefits and Risks.”  As I’ve previously discussed, the arguments made by Califf were seriously problematic, specifically with regard to autologous therapies, which use stem cells made from a patient’s own blood or body tissue  

Although Califf and his co-authors acknowledged the “unique challenges of stem cell clinical research,” their overall posture was decisively rigid in regard to new approaches to FDA approval.  As an indication of just how low of a priority outreach was to them, they made no mention of working with stem cell investigators and sponsors until the final sentence of the article.  For the previous regime, outreach was an afterthought.

Marks and Gottlieb seem to be taking a more conciliatory approach by extending a regulatory olive branch to stem cell physicians and small clinics.  Unlike previous FDA statements, they spent less time on the spurious issue of safety and instead pivot toward the effectiveness of treatment and moving forward with commercialization.  In doing so, the they acknowledge that the novelty of stem cell technologies require a more flexible path toward approval.

To accommodate this move and to facilitate the expedited availability of stem cells to patients, the FDA will use the expanded authorities granted it by the 21st Century Cures Act.  The Cures Act allows the FDA to use non-traditional types of data – such as clinical data – to receive FDA approval.  Notably, the FDA will be incorporating some “new concepts for how small investigators and firms can seek and meet the approval standard for products through efficient expedited pathways.”  This is a step in the right direction.

How exactly will this work in practice?  No one really knows.  Marks and Gottlieb only provide one theoretical example: the FDA will provide “tools” to allow small firms to work collaboratively to obtain a biologics license for physicians, researchers and clinics.

Any outreach by the FDA should be welcomed and any attempt to expedite the availability of stem cell therapies to patients who need them should be encouraged.  However, given the dearth of detail offered by Gottlieb and Marks, precisely how these alternatives will work in practice remains nebulous.  Thus, the overtures made by the FDA are – at this point -- best met with skepticism and a cautious optimism

If the FDA is truly open to novel approaches to stem cell regulation, it should devise separate rules for autologous therapies – which former Commissioner Califf acknowledged “raise fewer safety concerns than allogenic cells.”  Regulation of autologous therapies by the FDA should be minimal, with the majority of oversight left to state governments and their agencies.

These new policy changes by the FDA are forward-thinking and should proceed further.  However, as promising as those options appear, they should in no way be construed as delegitimizing or nullifying legislative advances made in Texas or those that will be made when Congress enacts “Right to Try” legislation. 

All of these options can function cooperatively to ensure that the patients – often the most overlooked quantity in the medical policy equation – can receive the life-saving and curative treatments they need as soon as possible.

The FDA may offer many paths, but it need not be the only path.

A. Rahman Ford, PhD, is a lawyer and research professional. He is a graduate of Rutgers University and the Howard University School of Law, where he served as Editor-in-Chief of the Howard Law Journal. He earned his PhD at the University of Pennsylvania.

Rahman lives with chronic inflammation in his digestive tract and is unable to eat solid food. He has received stem cell treatment in China.  

The information in this column should not be considered as professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is for informational purposes only and represent the author’s opinions alone. It does not inherently express or reflect the views, opinions and/or positions of Pain News Network.

Overuse of Acetaminophen Increases During Flu Season

By Pat Anson, Editor

Acetaminophen is a key ingredient in hundreds of over-the-counter pain relievers and cough, cold and flu medicines – from Excedrin and Tylenol to Theraflu and Alka-Seltzer Plus.

Recent guidelines released by the UK’s National Institute for Health Care Excellence (NICE) even recommend acetaminophen (paracetamol) for treating sore throat pain.

But a large new study warns that too many cold and flu sufferers take too much acetaminophen – which has long been associated with liver damage and allergic reactions such as skin rash.

Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh and Boston’s University’s Slone Epidemiology Center surveyed nearly 14,500 U.S. adults about their use of acetaminophen in the preceding 30 days. The study, which was sponsored by Johnson & Johnson, was conducted over a five-year period, from 2011 to 2016.

Investigators found that 6.3% of acetaminophen users exceeded the recommended maximum adult daily dose of 4,000 mg on at least one day during a week that they used acetaminophen.

Usage patterns grew during the cold and flu season. The odds of taking more than 4,000 mg of acetaminophen increased to 6.5% compared to 5.3% during the off-season.

This was primarily due to increased use of over-the-counter medications designed to treat upper respiratory cold and flu symptoms.

"This is the first multi-year, year-round study that includes detailed data on how consumers used acetaminophen medications," said Saul Shiffman, PhD, of Pinney Associates and the University of Pittsburgh. "The study findings suggest the importance of educating consumers about acetaminophen and counseling them about appropriate use and safe dosages of these medications.

"Getting this message out is especially important during cold/flu season, when people may be more likely to treat illness symptoms with acetaminophen combination products, sometimes without even realizing they contain acetaminophen."

The use of acetaminophen (paracetamol) is even more pronounced in France, according to a new study published in the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.

There was a 53% increase in the use of paracetamol in France between 2006 and 2015, and 1000 mg tablets of paracetamol (which are not available in the United States) are now the most-used drug among French adults. There is also a trend towards larger doses. Consumption of 1000 mg tablets increased by 140 percent in France over the ten-year study; while consumption of 500 mg tablets decreased by 20 percent.

Compared to other countries in Europe, France ranked first in paracetamol usage and third in the consumption of mild opioids such as tramadol and codeine. The French use of strong opioids such as morphine was among the lowest in Europe.

"To our knowledge, this is the first published study analysing consumption trends for both non-opioids and opioids over the last decade in France. Long-term surveillance over the past 10 years has highlighted quantitative and qualitative changes in analgesic consumption patterns in France," said study co-author Philippe Cavalié, PhD, of the French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety.

"The very widespread analgesics consumption that we have documented raises the concern of overuse and misuse, as well as addiction to opioids."

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration asked drug makers in 2011 to limit acetaminophen doses to 325 mg per tablet or capsule. The FDA also requires a “Boxed Warning” label – the agency’s strongest warning – to call attention to serious risks.

Over 50 million people in the U.S. use acetaminophen each week for pain and fever – many unaware of the risk of liver injury and allergic reactions. Over 50,000 emergency room visits each year in the U.S. are blamed on acetaminophen overdoses, including 25,000 hospitalizations and 450 deaths.

For more information about acetaminophen and how to avoid overdosing, visit KnowYourDose.org.

MS Is My Full Time Job

By Jennifer Hochgesang, Guest Columnist

I work full time. I mean really 24/7 full time.

A tremendous amount is required of me physically, mentally and ultimately spiritually. I often have to travel on short notice away from my young daughter. These trips always deplete me. And I don’t get very much sleep.

Even though I do this every single day and have for years, I’m constantly being told by pretty much everyone that I don’t really know what I’m talking about and I should listen to them.

I have to deal with big egos on these trips and quite literally they have a hand over me. I have a certain attire that I’m required to wear, and it’s not to make life easier for me, but for them. The only way I get to come home is when I nod my head in agreement and promise to continue working together on our “common” problem.

I often come back home with scars from my travels and even more often “little presents.” My daughter would like to shake them up and down, but I don’t think it’s safe so I put them up high.

The job is so exhausting that I’ve seen my doctor for medications to combat the fatigue, otherwise I wouldn’t get anything done. The extent of this is hard to explain to my friends and neighbors and they begin to make silent judgements.

These judgements grow larger when I cannot go hiking with the kids out in the sun on a 90-degree day. My job won’t let me, I say. They question it at first. But over time they just stop asking and if I see them at a school function, they will just nod my way or sometimes completely ignore me.

JENNIFER HOCHGESANG

There was one time I thought I had made a great new friend. Her daughter was in the same class as my daughter. She was super funny and had her own struggles -- some of which she began to share, so I did as well. She was very artistic, intelligent and seemed to genuinely care.

As time went on we had a couple of play dates, went out to dinner with our girls, and then out of the blue I had to go on an emergency trip. I was so frustrated and sick of them. She told me she would take my daughter to gymnastics and Girl Scouts and not to worry.

Well, it was a long trip and three days after I got home I had to go again. I didn’t share too much about my trips to her. Why would she want to hear all the boring details? But then suddenly, my friend and her daughter weren’t at gymnastics. I texted her. She had switched days. I asked her why, wondering if we could switch as well. She was evasive, and I knew then my work was too much for her.

Part of me wanted to call and scream. If this is too much for you, how do you think I feel?

I want a regular job more than anything. Sometimes it feels like people think I want this job, as if I created it myself. They don’t realize that I had no choice in the matter.  But this is what I have to do and accept that I can’t have friends like other people.

I work seven days a week all day long. As I said, my job is demanding. It requires physical endurance, mental fortitude and spiritual grounding. Just in the last month, it has set new requirements.  Now I can’t drive, and I’m stuck at home in the winter in excruciating pain.

Mentally, my job takes names from me, messes with my ability to form sentences when I speak, and how to store and retrieve memories correctly. Spiritually, my job requires a belief in something -- something to hold onto -- whether it be a God or Goddess, a dog that has passed away, or a tree outside the window.

Without that, the job will beat you up past the point of understanding. You will be left with nothing:  no friends, no family, no wife or husband, no will, and no ability to laugh at life. Ultimately it strips away your humanity and your search for happiness.

If you can ground yourself and see past the pain, the falling and the shaking, and the numbness and confusion, you will not only survive -- you will still be able to strive for meaning in your life.

I work for MS. It’s sometimes better known as multiple sclerosis. Here is my schedule:

Monday: MS
Tuesday: MS
Wednesday: MS
Thursday: MS
Friday: MS
Saturday: MS
Sunday: MS

Do you have anybody in your life that works at MS like me or is in a similar place? If they say they are unemployed, they just mean they aren’t getting paid for their work. If you could trade jobs with them, would you? If so, would you trade with me first? My daughter needs me.

Jennifer Hochgesang lives in Illinois. In addition to multiple sclerosis, Jennifer has endometriosis and trigeminal neuralgia. She is the mother of a beautifully kind and precious 7-year old daughter.

Jennifer proudly supports myMSteam, an online social network for people living with multiple sclerosis, and Living With Facial Pain, an online support group for people living with facial pain.

She wishes to thank Ann Simmons for the inspiration to tell her story.

It's a Myth America Consumes 80% of World’s Opioids

By Roger Chriss, Columnist

Getting the facts right about the opioid crisis is essential. And the claim that the United States consumes 80% of the world’s supply of opioid medication -- while having only 5% of the world’s population -- is incorrect.

This “80/5” claim is popular and persistent. Senator Claire McCaskill tweeted about it last year. Recently Consumer Safety and the Reporter Newspapers repeated it. And news organizations like The Guardian, Business Insider, CNN and ABC News have all reported the “80/5” claim as fact at various times. 

The truth is that Americans consumed only about 30% of the world’s opioid medication in 2015. And the U.S. has about 4.4% of the world’s population.  That's still a lot, but nowhere near "80/5."

So where does the claim that the U.S. consumes 80% of the world’s opioids come from? It took a little digging to find out.

In 2014, Nora Volkow, MD, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, submitted the following testimony to the U.S. Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control:

"The number of prescriptions for opioids (like hydrocodone and oxycodone products) have escalated from around 76 million in 1991 to nearly 207 million in 2013, with the United States their biggest consumer globally, accounting for almost 100 percent of the world total for hydrocodone (e.g., Vicodin) and 81 percent for oxycodone."

A footnote reveals where Volkow got that information. It came from a 2008 report from the International Narcotics Control Board, which states:

“In 2008 the United States accounted for over 99 per cent of the global consumption of hydrocodone and 83 per cent of the global consumption of oxycodone.”

This ultimately seems to be the origin of the “80 percent” part of the claim. At one time, the U.S. was responsible for over 80% of the world’s consumption of one particular type of opioid medication: oxycodone.

But the numbers vary significantly for each type of opioid. According to the Global Commission on Drugs, the U.S. consumed 57.3% of the world’s morphine in 2013. And Statista reports that in 2015 the U.S. consumed 29.3% of the world’s supply of prescription fentanyl, followed closely by Germany at 23.7 percent.

The U.S. at one time did consume 99% of the world’s supply of hydrocodone. But as a Pain Medicine article by Mark Rose explains, that is because “other countries with adequate opioid access prefer dihydrocodeine or low-dose morphine to hydrocodone for moderate to moderately severe pain.”

Hydrocodone prescriptions have actually plummeted in the U.S. since 2014, when it was rescheduled by the DEA as a Schedule II controlled substance.

So what are the real numbers for opioid consumption?

As Politifact notes while debunking McKaskill’s “80/5” claim, “while the United States is clearly the largest consumer of opioids, it, at most, accounts for roughly 30 percent of global consumption.”

At present, however, there are opioid shortages in some hospitals and hospices. The Philadelphia Inquirer recently reported that morphine, hydromorphone (Dilaudid), and fentanyl — staples of pain control and sedation in hospital settings — are in short supply.

“The shortage of hydromorphone is beyond acute,” Beverly Philip, vice president of scientific affairs for the American Society of Anesthesiologists, told the Inquirer.

The shortage is due, in part, because the DEA has lowered annual production quotas for fentanyl, hydromorphone, and morphine over the last two years by 35 to 46 percent.

This demonstrates the risk of persistent false claims. As Sally Patel, MD, wrote in an excellent Politico piece about the opioid crisis: “We need to make good use of what we know about the role that prescription opioids plays in the larger crisis.”

Otherwise we’ll find ourselves awash in a false narrative while enduring very real pain.

Roger Chriss lives with Ehlers Danlos syndrome and is a proud member of the Ehlers-Danlos Society. Roger is a technical consultant in Washington state, where he specializes in mathematics and research.

The information in this column should not be considered as professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is for informational purposes only and represents the author’s opinions alone. It does not inherently express or reflect the views, opinions and/or positions of Pain News Network.

Is JAMA Opioid Study Based on Junk Science?

By Pat Anson, Editor

You may have read about a research study published this week in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), which compared the effectiveness of opioid and non-opioid medications in treating chronic pain. 

The yearlong study of 240 patients found that opioids were not superior to pain relievers like acetaminophen and ibuprofen in treating chronic back pain or hip and knee pain caused by osteoarthritis.  Pain improved for 41% of the patients who took opioids, compared to 54% in the non-opioid group.  

It’s an interesting study – one of the few to look at the effectiveness of any pain relievers long term – but some critics are questioning the study’s methodology and the alleged anti-opioid bias of its lead author, Erin Krebs, MD, a researcher for the Department of Veterans Affairs.

First let’s look at some of the news coverage the study is getting.

“Opioids Don’t Treat Chronic Pain Any Better Than Ibuprofen” reads the headline in Newsweek, an article that never mentions the JAMA study was limited to patients with back pain or osteoarthritis.

“Opioids Don’t Beat Other Medications for Chronic Pain” was the headline in NPR.com, while the Chicago Tribune went with “Opioids no better than common painkillers for treating chronic pain.”

The Tribune article included a quote from one of the co-authors of the CDC opioid guidelines. "The fact that opioids did worse is really pretty astounding," said Roger Chou, MD. "It calls into question our beliefs about the benefits of opioids."

Notice the news coverage strongly suggests that opioids are ineffective for all types of chronic pain – not just back pain and osteoarthritis.  Patients living with chronic pain from arachnoiditis, trigeminal neuralgia or some other intractable pain condition would probably disagree about that. And they'd find the idea of taking ibuprofen laughable, if not infuriating. But no one asked for their opinion.

Also unmentioned is that opioids are usually not prescribed for osteoarthritis or simple back pain, which are often treated with NSAIDs and over-the-counter pain relievers.

So, what JAMA has published is a government funded study designed to look at a treatment (opioids) that most people with back pain and arthritis never actually get.

“You've been had by anti-opioid advocates disguising their advocacy as science.  Krebs is well known in professional circles for this kind of distorted advocacy junk science,” wrote patient advocate Red Lawhern, PhD, in a comment submitted to the Philadelphia Inquirer after it published a misleading headline of its own, “Prescription opioids fail rigorous new test for chronic pain.”

“I suggest that you retract your article.  In its present form, it is propaganda not fact,” said Lawhern, a co-founder of the Alliance for the Treatment of Intractable Pain (ATIP). “Opioids have never been the first-line medical treatment of choice in lower back pain or arthritis. That role is served by anti-inflammatory meds, some of them in the prescription cortico-steroid family.  NSAIDs have a role to play, recognizing that they are actively dangerous in many patients if taken at high doses for long periods.  Hundreds of people die every year of cardiac arrest or liver toxicity due to high-dose acetaminophen or ibuprofen.” 

Who is Erin Krebs?  

Dr. Krebs is an associate professor at the University of Minnesota Medical School and a prolific researcher at the VA Medical Center in Minneapolis.

She was also an original member of the “Core Expert Group” – an advisory panel that secretly drafted the CDC’s controversial opioid guidelines while getting a good deal of input from the anti-opioid activist group Physicians for Responsible Opioid Prescribing (PROP). The guidelines recommend that opioids not be prescribed for chronic pain.

Krebs also appeared in a lecture series on opioid prescribing that was funded by the Steve Rummler Hope Foundation, which coincidentally is the fiscal sponsor of PROP. 

Some of her previous opioid research has been controversial. In a study published last year in the Annals of Internal Medicine, Krebs reviewed 67 studies on the safety and effectiveness of opioid tapering. Most of the studies were of poor quality, but nevertheless Krebs came to the conclusion that pain levels and the quality of life of patients “may improve during and after opioid dose reduction.”

ERIN KREBS, MD

“This review found insufficient evidence on adverse events related to opioid tapering, such as accidental overdose if patients resume use of high-dose opioids or switch to illicit opioid sources or onset of suicidality or other mental health symptoms,” wrote Krebs.

PROP founder Andrew Kolodny, MD, read the review and liked it, tweeting that “dangerously high doses should be reduced even if patient refuses.”

But forced opioid tapering is never a good idea, according to a top CDC official.

“Neither (Kreb’s) review nor CDC's guideline provides support for involuntary or precipitous tapering. Such practice could be associated with withdrawal symptoms, damage to the clinician–patient relationship, and patients obtaining opioids from other sources,” wrote Deborah Dowell, MD, a CDC Senior Medical Advisor, in an editorial also published in the Annals of Internal Medicine. 

As for Krebs’ contention that there is “insufficient evidence” of adverse events associated with opioid tapering, that notion may be put to rest next month when the VA releases a new study showing that tapering has led to a growing number of suicides by veterans.

In a summary of the findings, which will be presented at the Rx Drug Abuse & Heroin Summit, VA researchers report that “opioid discontinuation was not associated with overdose mortality, but was associated with increased suicide mortality.”  

Who and what should we believe in the neverending debate about opioids? PNN columnist Roger Chriss wrote about Krebs’ opioids vs. non-opioids study last year, when the initial reports of its findings came out. Roger said prescribing decisions are best left to physicians who know their patients’ medical conditions – not researchers, regulators or the news media.

“In reality, there is no ‘versus’ here. Opioids and NSAIDs are both valuable tools for chronic pain management. To pretend that one is inherently better than the other is to miss the essential point: Both work and should be available for use as medically appropriate,” Roger wrote. 

CDC: Emergency Room Overdoses Up Sharply

By Pat Anson, Editor

Emergency room visits for opioid overdoses have soared by 30 percent in 16 states, according to a new Vital Signs report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The CDC called the report a “wake-up call to the fast-moving opioid overdose epidemic.”

Between July 2016 and September 2017, there were over 142,000 suspected opioid overdoses treated in hospital emergency rooms in the 16 states. Overdoses increased for men and women in all age groups, in all regions of the country, and in rural and urban areas.

The new report does not specify how many patients died or if the overdoses involved prescription opioids or illegal opioids like heroin and illicit fentanyl. A previous report by the CDC indicated that over half the nation’s fatal overdoses are now linked to fentanyl, a synthetic opioid increasingly available on the black market.

“Long before we receive data from death certificates, emergency department data can point to alarming increases in opioid overdoses,” said CDC Acting Director Anne Schuchat, MD. “This fast-moving epidemic affects both men and women, and people of every age. It does not respect state or county lines and is still increasing in every region in the United States.”

Ten of the 16 states studied had significant increases in emergency room overdoses, with the number of overdoses in Wisconsin up by an alarming 109 percent.  Opioid overdoses in Delaware also doubled.

Midwestern states saw the biggest increase overall, with a 70% increase in overdoses, followed by the West (40%), Northeast (21%), Southwest (20%) and Southeast states (14%).

Overdoses declined by 15% in Kentucky, and by smaller amounts in Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Rhode Island. Schuchat said the decline could be related to the increased availability of drugs like naloxone, which can rapidly reverse the effects of an opioid overdose.

Failure of Opioid Guidelines Ignored  

The Vital Signs report did not examine the apparent failure of the CDC’s opioid prescribing guidelines to have any impact on the overdose rate. The agency's controversial guidelines were not even discussed during a 30-minute briefing Schuchat had with reporters today.

Since the CDC guidelines were released in March 2016, many pain patients say their opioid doses have been reduced or eliminated, and the quality of their pain care has deteriorated. Some patients abandoned by doctors are having trouble finding new ones willing to treat them.

A recent report from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health found that prescription opioids were involved in only about 15% of the fatal overdoses in 2017, while fentanyl was involved in 83 percent of the opioid deaths in that state.

Critics Pan Medicare Plan to Reduce High Dose Opioids

By Pat Anson, Editor

Over 1,200 people have left public comments in the Federal Register about changes to Medicare's Part D prescription drug plan, most of them sharply critical of rules that would make it harder for Medicare patients to obtain high doses of opioid pain medication.

Under the proposed regulations for 2019, a ceiling for opioid doses would be set at 90mg morphine equivalent units (MME) for all Medicare beneficiaries.  Any prescription at or above that level would trigger a “hard edit” rule requiring pharmacists to talk with the insurer and doctor about the appropriateness of the dose – with the insurer being the final arbiter in deciding who gets the higher dose.  

If adopted, critics say the rule would force many high-dose opioid patients to be abruptly tapered to lower doses, causing severe pain and withdrawal symptoms -- and possibly leading to illegal drug use and suicide.

“Suddenly dropping opioid doses will cause acute opioid withdrawal, exacerbation of pain, and increased disability with decreased productivity. It also increases the risk that patients will migrate to riskier alternatives such as heroin or fentanyl,” wrote David Kan, MD, an addiction psychiatrist.

“The proposed rule change is in the right spirit but very, very risky in reality. I urge CMS to reconsider the arbitrary dose limit on opioids. The unintended consequences are potentially devastating to our patients and community.”

“This is archaic medicine and does more harm than one can imagine,” wrote pain patient Henry Yennie. “The DEA, HHS, private insurers, and now CMS are pursuing policies and restrictions that will cause harm and suffering to millions of people... You are complicit in the pain, suffering, and documented damage that will result.”

“I cannot understand how Medicare can be so uncaring about the pain people have,” wrote Mikal Casalino, a 72-year old pain patient. “Limiting the dosage to an arbitrary amount is not going to be helpful for individuals. Each person who needs medication deserves the best care possible, and that will depend on both condition and need.”

“I think it is absolutely ludicrous to imagine that a third party could presume to place a maximum daily or monthly limit on my, or any other chronic pain patient's, medication. Each person's tolerance for and requirement of medication varies tremendously. How could you possibly imagine that you could come up with a generic formula which could fit every chronic pain patient across the board?” wrote Cyrynda Walker.

A joint letter opposing the rule change was submitted by 180 doctors and academics, including some who assisted in drafting the CDC’s controversial 2016 opioid prescribing guidelines. The letter points out that a 48 percent reduction in high dose prescribing since 2010 has not reduced the number of opioid overdoses. And it faults CMS for being focused on reducing high dose prescriptions – not the quality of patient care.

“The proposal does not consider adverse impacts on pharmacies, physicians or patients in the context of multiple regulatory initiatives, and it will accelerate patient abandonment,” the letter warns. “The plan avows no metric for success other than reducing certain measures of prescribing. Neither patient access to care nor patient health outcomes are mentioned.”

The public comment period on the CMS proposal ended March 5. To see the comments that were posted, click here.

CMS Seeking ‘Dialogue’ About Opioids

According to CMS, 1.6 million Medicare beneficiaries met or exceeded opioid doses of 90mg MME for at least one day in 2016. Medicare officials said the goal of the “hard edit” rule is to get pharmacists, doctors and insurers to “engage in a dialogue” about the risks associated with high dose opioid prescriptions.

"We are proposing important new actions to reduce seniors' risk of being addicted to or overdoing it on opioids while still having access to important treatment options," said CMS deputy administrator Demetrios Kouzoukas in announcing the rule changes last month. “We believe these actions will reduce the oversupply of opioids in our communities."

To reduce the risk of “unintended consequences” from the hard edit rule, CMS would allow high dose patients to receive a temporary 7-day supply of opioids while they seek an exception to the 90mg MME rule. If approved, patients would then need to get a new prescription from their doctor. The 7-day supply would only be granted once.

Under the proposed rules, CMS would also create a new 7-day limit for initial prescriptions of opioids for acute, short-term pain. CMS would also start monitoring “high risk beneficiaries” who are prescribed opioids and “potentiator” drugs such as gabapentin (Neurontin) and pregabalin (Lyrica). Recent research has shown that combining the medications increases the risk of overdose.

CMS contracts with dozens of insurance companies to provide health coverage to about 54 million Americans through Medicare and nearly 70 million in Medicaid. CMS policy changes often have a sweeping impact throughout the U.S. healthcare system because so many insurers and patients are involved.

Unless changes are made, the proposed Medicare Part D rules for 2019 will be finalized April 2.

A Canadian Asks ‘Where the Hell Am I?’

By Ann Marie Gaudon, Columnist

I hear more and more stories like Elizabeth Matlack’s, a lifelong chronic pain sufferer who recently wrote about her problems getting adequate pain medication in Canada. (See “Who Benefits From My Suffering?”).

Not only do I live in a chronically pained body, I feel pain for her. I feel pain for all of those who struggle each and every day, who are now being medically abandoned. Imagine, the only thing any of them has ever done is to end up with a pained body. As I read these stories, there seems to be no stem to the flow. I am beginning to ask myself, “Where the hell am I?”

Just like Elizabeth, I am also Canadian. All my life I’ve lived here and felt so grateful for it. All my life I basically felt safe. I felt secure. I felt that my needs were looked after. I was damned proud of our medical system too. From a blood test to chemotherapy, whatever might come my way, I had faith that I’d be cared for and that I wouldn’t have to claim bankruptcy to get it.

I’ve known for many years that treatment for chronic pain has always been woefully inadequate. I held out hope that good people with good intentions would come to care about this too. In a safe place like Canada, surely it was just a matter of time.

Then I was aghast and insulted to hear that our very own prime minister said that chronic pain was “low grade, but very annoying.” In a cooperative place like Canada, surely someone will educate him to let him know the degree of suffering, disability and high rate of suicidality chronic pain patients have.

ANN MARIE GAUDON

Won’t noble physicians with an intense desire to ease that suffering and do justice to their oaths come soon to advocate for us and improve our care? As I look around today, not seeing a trace of this, I am forced to ask myself, “Where the hell am I?”

I’ve lived enough years to know that people don’t generally do things for no reason and the reasons are plentiful. Money, fame, prestige, power, a moral sense of self-righteousness; there are a lot to choose from. Who benefits from a fabricated war on defenseless chronic pain patients while chasing the wrong crisis with a boat load of unproven assumptions?

Somebody somewhere does. You can be sure that there are too many hands in too many pockets to count. They all knew that chronic pain patients would be collateral damage, but the one thing they all have in common is they just don’t care.

Our Canadian government willingly let this happen under the disingenuous guise of “we have to protect you from your pain medications.” Imagine, you’ve been stable with nature’s gift of the most effective medication for your severe pain and now you can’t have it.

No Opioids Webinar

On the same day as I read about Elizabeth, I watched a webinar about how to treat chronic pain without opioids. The narrator was a physician who reportedly specialized in chronic pain. He was very efficient with his colour-coded columns of the categorizations of diseases and which treatments were suited to each.

Then something caught my eye. I noticed a chronic disease called interstitial cystitis was grouped together with pain central sensitization disorders. In bold font on the chart for this group was written: “NO Opioids!!”

Ironically, a few days before this, I was contacted by a woman diagnosed with this very disease. She was admitted into a hospital, where she emailed me. She wrote that a scope into her bladder revealed mass inflammation and lesions that the urologist described as “looking like cigarette burns throughout her bladder.” Her body was breaking down. Too much pain for too long. She was admitted with excessive sweating, soaring blood pressure, fever, and shaking uncontrollably.

It's likely her fight-or-flight response had become pathological in the face of intolerable, relentless pain. I have recently read that unrelieved pain complicates all other co-existing conditions through these stress mechanisms. She is also diabetic.

What would those who promote Canada’s new opioid guidelines -- which have made a mockery of chronic pain – suggest for this woman?  Would she be offered chiropractic care to make her right as rain? Perhaps Advil because that has an anti-inflammatory in it?

The webinar doctor made jokes along the way, such as “No one ever died from mindfulness.” So maybe we’ll start with meditation. She can’t think straight right now? Then maybe she should try yoga on her stretcher.

What became crystal clear watching the webinar is that these people don’t know a damned thing about chronic pain, especially severe pain. But so much worse yet – they don’t care to know -- so long as they get to pontificate about the demon opioid medication and the demons who have been taking them.  

The reality is that this woman has a significant risk of being dead soon. We know the guidelines have already played an unspeakable part in the deaths of chronic pain patients in the way of medical collapse and suicide. But no one seems to care about that either.

This isn’t the place that I grew up in. This isn’t the place where I felt safe, secure and cared for. This is an immoral place where those at the top serve their own political agenda. Yes, I said political because there’s no medical facts driving this out-of-control freight train.

This is an unethical place where the suffering are drop-kicked off a cliff and where the self-righteous and self-serving call down, “It sure sucks to be you.”

I don’t recognize Canada anymore. I’ve never lived in a place with such cruelty inflicted on such a vulnerable group. I didn’t grow up in a place with such a pervasive ultra-conservative meanness, where those in power exclusively serve themselves and to hell with the underdog – let them suffer until the bitter end.

Who benefits from Elizabeth’s suffering? Somebody somewhere does. As for the Canada I used to know and love, I can no longer see it or feel its reassurance. I guess I’ll have to continue to ask, “Where the hell am I?”

Because at this point, I just can’t figure it out.

Ann Marie Gaudon is a registered social worker and psychotherapist in the Waterloo region of Ontario, Canada with a specialty in chronic pain management.  She has been a chronic pain patient for 33 years and works part-time as her health allows. For more information about Ann Marie's counseling services, visit her website.

The information in this column should not be considered as professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is for informational purposes only and represents the author’s opinions alone. It does not inherently express or reflect the views, opinions and/or positions of Pain News Network.

A Pained Life: An Activism Primer

By Carol Levy, Columnist

Those of us who write columns and articles, or comment and tweet about chronic pain, beat the same drum, repeatedly: The world needs to hear us. We have to make our voices heard.

Unfortunately, the most common response seems to be along the lines of “We can't.”

The reasons make sense. Pain and disability keep many of us from being able to go to a rally, representative's office or a town hall meeting. Others say “I want to make my voice heard but I don't know how.”

I'm going to take my space today to give some ideas on how.

The latest outrage is Attorney General Jeff Sessions telling the country people in pain should just “tough it out.”

Because of my eye pain, I cannot write a long letter to him. He is not someone you can access merely by going to his office. Or find him on Twitter or Facebook.

You can, however, tweet to him at the Justice Department: @TheJusticeDept or leave a comment on their Facebook page: www.facebook.com/DOJ/

I sent a tweet. I included a video about my fight and struggle to live with trigeminal neuralgia: what it is, what it has done to my life and what it has taken from me.

Do you have the ability to make a short video explaining your pain disorder and what it has done to your life?

If you have been hurt by the CDC opioid guidelines, can you tell them how? You can you tweet, for example: “CRPS has taken my life from me. Opioids have helped me to get some of it back.”

You could also tweet: “Opioids helped my chronic back pain. I was able to work, play with my kids and have a better quality of life. The CDC guidelines caused my doctor to reduce/stop them and I can no longer do those things.”

You could also find a link on the internet that describes your pain disorder and post it to Facebook: “This is what rheumatoid arthritis is. This is how the pain impacts us.”

If possible, you could also go to town hall meetings, offices or rallies where your legislators will be. I recently went to a town hall meeting on the opioid epidemic. Included on the panel were my congressional representative and one of my county commissioners. We had to submit our questions on a card rather than just ask them.

This was the second town hall meeting where my question, “How can you keep chronic pain patients safe when we are being blamed and often hurt by the actions being taken?” went unanswered.

Undeterred, I made sure to get to the congressman and the commissioner before they left the room. I made sure to come prepared with information, such as studies showing how rarely we get addicted and how the number of suicides appears to be increasing as opioid medications are being reduced or stopped.  

Two years ago, I asked my congressman if he could introduce a resolution making October 7 Trigeminal Neuralgia Awareness Day. I was told the House was no longer permitting those kinds of resolutions. Instead of throwing up my hands and walking away, I asked again the following year. This time he was able to do it.

To my astonishment, when I spoke with him the second time he remembered not only that Trigeminal Neuralgia Awareness Day was in October but some of the specifics about the condition itself.

This may help him remember us -- all of us – the next time Congress debates  the opioid epidemic. Chronic pain is more personal to him because of his encounter with me.

If at first you don't succeed is a cliché for a reason. It is worth writing, calling, visiting and emailing. The worst they can do is ignore you or say “No.” But trying another time may just get them to say “Yes.”

The tortoise didn’t give up when it looked like the hare was winning. We cannot afford to give up either.

Carol Jay Levy has lived with trigeminal neuralgia, a chronic facial pain disorder, for over 30 years. She is the author of “A Pained Life, A Chronic Pain Journey.” 

Carol is the moderator of the Facebook support group “Women in Pain Awareness.” Her blog “The Pained Life” can be found here.

The information in this column should not be considered as professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is for informational purposes only and represent the author’s opinions alone. It does not inherently express or reflect the views, opinions and/or positions of Pain News Network.

Opioids, Fentanyl and Medical Malpractice

By Jennifer Kilgore, Columnist

One night in 2016, Richard Goldblatt had an acute pancreatitis attack.

“I was sitting at home, and all of a sudden I had this God-awful pain that wouldn’t go away,” he told us. The pain was so bad that at the time, I thought someone had stabbed me!”

His wife and oldest son brought him to the nearest emergency room, where medical professionals examined him, gave him something for the pain and asked him for his medical history. Richard told them he had recently removed a melanoma spot on his left shoulder, had a complete right knee replacement in 2002, and rectal repair in 2006, which had caused permanent nerve damage around the scar and, curiously, in both feet. He’d been in terrible pain ever since.

At first, he did receive opioid medication capable of quelling his nerve pain – though that didn’t last. Richard kept asking his surgeon why his feet hurt if he’d had rectal repair, as it made no sense.

“He [the doctor] kept telling me it was hemorrhoid pain, and he didn’t know why my feet were hurting all the time. I didn’t find out what really happened until around 2009 or 2010, when I was finally seen by a neurologist and examined properly. He told me that the surgeon knew he’d made an error. That being said, I have suffered ever since. I was also told it was too late to have any recourse in regard to that doctor.”

Richard started seeing a pain specialist, who tried all sorts of treatments – nothing helped. They even introduced him to the most radical of treatments: the fentanyl patch.

The fentanyl transdermal patch is meant for people who have tried other opioid or narcotic medications and need something much, much stronger. This provides around-the-clock pain relief for 72 hours in the form of a skin patch that allows medication to sink directly into the bloodstream and absorb quickly.

The list of warnings for the patch is long and thorough. Don’t take other medications with the patch. Don’t drink alcohol while using the patch. Don’t use the patch except exactly as directed by your doctor.

Richard did all of those things… and he still had problems.

“Yes, it eventually helped,” he said. “Yes, it did calm and deaden the pain… [but] I was never told about the basic warnings… I found out the hard way.”

Richard did not abuse fentanyl. But, as it turned out, heat – body heat, in the case of Richard – affects the use of the patch and causes it to absorb more quickly into the bloodstream. Fentanyl patch doses are meant to last for 72 hours. Richard’s high body temperature ensured that the patch would only last one or two days.

Richard ended up in the emergency room three different times in 2017 because of withdrawal, as his body heat caused the patch to absorb medication more quickly into his body, leaving him without more Fentanyl to sustain him over the lifetime of the patch. Neither his pain management specialist nor the emergency room doctors, however, realized this at the time.

Meanwhile, after the acute pancreatitis episode, Richard began to rapidly lose weight, which made little sense because he was still hungry and eating food. Doctors put him through the paces, making him take blood tests, MRIs, CT scans, ultrasounds – all of which came back clear.

“I was led to believe that everything was back to normal,” Richard said. “I was discharged with that idea and instructed that I could go back to my life as if nothing had happened. I was back at the ER in a week.”

His frustrations were mounting. This time he was told it was gastroenteritis and that he had a list of allergies. Richard already knew he was allergic to wheat and shellfish, so this was no surprise. He just wanted to know why he felt so awful and why he kept losing weight.

He was having new symptoms, too – he noticed an oily yellow discharge that smelled absolutely foul. When he informed his doctors, they prescribed Creon, a medication intended for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, or EPI. This means your body is missing important enzymes it needs to digest food, and nutrients are passing through the body unabsorbed, which would explain why he was losing so much weight even though he was eating food. However, at the time, he was on such a low dose of Creon that it didn’t seem to be working.

Richard met with another gastroenterologist who wanted to do an endoscopic ultrasound, but his insurance wouldn’t cover it. Then another doctor wanted to cut out his gallbladder. Another wanted to put him on Cymbalta – “I told him, ‘No thanks.’ No more drugs in my system.”

By that time, Richard had lost almost 60 pounds. The case manager in charge of his file finally managed to get him to a doctor who could think outside of the box and diagnosed him with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, which is what the Creon medication should have helped.

There was still a missing piece to the puzzle, however. The cause of his troubles? Opiate use.

According to his doctors, the fentanyl he was prescribed for his progressive nerve pain aggravated an underlying pancreatic condition. As EPI is normally caused by genetics, behavior or malnutrition, it only made sense that Richard’s opiate use, which at that time was in such high dosages, threw his body into high gear and revolted against him.

Weaning off Fentanyl

Fentanyl withdrawal should be done under the supervision of a medical professional. It is an extremely addictive medication because of its euphoric tendencies, which can make users compulsive and need more to get the same effect. However, withdrawing from it properly can minimize symptoms.

Patients might supplement their withdrawal program with methadone or buprenorphine, which can lessen the severity of symptoms. A doctor might simply taper the fentanyl, however, which is weaning the patient off until they are no longer taking it. Many users require an in-patient program to succeed. Symptoms of Fentanyl withdrawal can include nausea, vomiting, increased pain, chills, irritability, stomach cramps and more.

When Richard asked his doctor’s thoughts about weaning him off fentanyl use, the doctor told him in an email that “opiates cause or aggravate a severe form of irritable bowel and will aggravate any pancreas condition you have.”

Now Richard is trapped in a physical hell against a national medical backdrop that could not be more against him.

The fentanyl patch regimen he has been prescribed is aggravating his congenital pancreatic condition, and he cannot treat one without denying the other. If he chooses a lesser opioid, his progressive nerve pain will spike and leave him unable to physically function. If he uses fentanyl, it inflames his damaged pancreas.

Meanwhile, the statute of limitations has run out against his surgeon, depriving him of judicial remedies – as lawyers have already informed him.

“I’ve been turned down a couple times,” he said.

It is a difficult climate right now in the medical field, with the opioid crisis raging across the country and even legitimate fentanyl patch doses that are clearly not abuse being regarded with suspicion.

The Drug Enforcement Administration raided the office of a prominent pain management physician, Dr. Forest Tennant, the day after he testified as an expert in a negligent homicide case. Other physicians are tapering their patients or having them sign pain contracts, even though they are clearly suffering on their regimens.

Then there are patients like Richard, who have medications that they need, but have suffered at the hands of doctors’ ineptitude. And who is going to pay once the statute of limitations has run out?

“I guess I’ll have to wait until I’m dead and some researcher can have my pancreas examined to prove my point,” Richard said. That is the only thing he says he can look forward to, “as this disorder will eventually kill me.”

In January 2018, Richard let us know his new pain management specialist ordered him to withdraw from the fentanyl, as prescribing that medication was “against his principles.”

On the plus side, four days into the withdrawal (“which was complete hell,” Richard said), his pancreas started producing the necessary digestive enzyme again. Fentanyl had suppressed his pancreas’ ability to work and made him too sensitive to medications. Now that he’s gone cold turkey, he is able to eat properly – but suffers from intractable nerve pain.

“I have been told that recovering from this trip into hell could take a very long time,” Richard said. The only question is whether he can handle the pain until he fully recovers.

This article originally appeared in Enjuris and is republished with permission.

Jennifer Kain Kilgore is an attorney editor for both Enjuris and the Association of International Law Firm Networks. She has chronic back and neck pain after two car accidents.

You can read more about Jennifer on her blog, Wear, Tear, & Care.