How the CDC Opioid Guidelines Affected Me

By Sarah Irvine, Guest Columnist

I'm 42 years old and have been suffering from chronic pain for the past several years. I was injured at work almost 8 years ago and, like many others, I have been affected by the CDC opioid guidelines.

I have herniated and bulging discs in my lower back, scoliosis and I ambulate with a cane. I have Protein C deficiency, a blood clotting disorder, and I am not a surgical candidate.

I live with excruciating pain and my pain medication, morphine sulfate, has been decreased from 150 mg daily to 45 mg daily. I also was recently prescribed Lyrica and baclofen, a muscle relaxer.

This does nothing to alleviate my pain. I'm becoming shorter, my spine is shaped like a serpent and my muscles are becoming more atrophied. Workers compensation refuses to pay for any more physical therapy and Medicare won't cover it either.

I'm certainly not able to pay out of pocket and at this point I'm in too much pain to function. Due to the Protein C deficiency, I should not take NSAIDs or steroids because they increase my risk of bleeding. I am also on a high dose of Coumadin for my blood disorder.

SARAH IRVINE

Things have gotten so bad because of the guidelines that my doctors are now telling me to take NSAIDs and are prescribing steroids; whereas before I was warned to avoid those medications and doctors refused to prescribe them for me.

I have never abused, misused, shared or sold my medications! It truly seems as though the CDC and DEA want to decrease the population of those who suffer from chronic pain by refusing patients adequate medical treatment and appropriate pain management.

I also believe that they hope those of us who are suffering will take our own lives, rather than try to endure the horrific chronic pain.

I'm on disability and no longer able to work because of my injury and the pain I endure. My quality of life has deteriorated to nothing. Some days all I can do is lay in bed. I can't even enjoy reading a book or watching a TV program without my pain interfering.

I do not understand why I and thousands of others in the same situation are being forced to suffer unnecessarily! We aren't criminals, drug dealers or addicts! We are victims of our pain!

Every aspect of my life is affected by my pain on a daily basis. I know I'm not alone. I only want to enjoy whatever is left of my life.

There are medications that would allow me and others to do so. Why are they being withheld from us? If we were animals, we would be treated more humanely than this.

I just want to know what I can do, who I can call, email or write to in order to get these abusive, inhumane laws changed. Also, is it possible to file a class action lawsuit against the DEA, CDC or both? Is there a class action lawsuit in place right now? If so, what can I do to get involved?

It's not about financial gain. This is about quality of life! What is happening right now is downright cruel, inhumane and criminal. I would be very appreciative if someone could lead me in the right direction so that I can do whatever is within my power, to get my life back and help others, before it's too late. I'm tired of being abused and victimized. I want my life back.

Sarah Irvine is from New York state.

Pain News Network invites other readers to share their stories with us.  Send them to:  editor@PainNewsNetwork.org. 

The information in this column should not be considered as professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is for informational purposes only and represents the author’s opinions alone. It does not inherently express or reflect the views, opinions and/or positions of Pain News Network.

A Letter to Medicare From a Worried Pain Patient

Editor’s Note: This Friday marks the deadline for the public to comment on opioid prescribing guidelines proposed by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). As PNN has reported (see “Medicare Planning to Adopt CDC Opioid Guidelines”), the guidelines are likely to limit access to opioid pain medication for millions of Medicare beneficiaries. They would also empower insurance companies to take punitive action against pharmacies, doctors and patients that don’t follow the guidelines.

The following is a letter written in opposition to the CMS guidelines by Ms. Judith Botamer. She has graciously agreed to let us publish it here in the interest of getting more people to send their own comments to CMS. 

All comments should be emailed to CMS no later than March 3 to this address:

AdvanceNotice2018@cms.hhs.gov

To Whom It May Concern:

As a disabled chronic pain patient, I strongly oppose the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ plan to accept policies from the recent CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain. I implore you to take action so that this mandate does not become a reality for the 100 million Americans who suffer with chronic pain, including many on Medicare.

The CDC guideline is simply a voluntary guide intended for primary care physicians only. The CMS guideline as written gives no margin or credence to pain management doctors who already have strict opioid policies, as well as an established ongoing relationship with their patients.

Your currently drafted policy makes the guidelines mandatory for all doctors, patients and pharmacists, and imposes a ceiling on the highest dose of opioids that can be prescribed. This gives physicians no discretion in determining what is right for their patients. That was never the CDC’s intent, nor is it feasible to expect all chronic pain patients to be able to maintain the level of care that their doctor has established for them.

I am permanently disabled with neuropathy, RA, fibromyalgia, torn disks, TMJD and migraines, as well as many other pain conditions for which there is no cure. At the young age of 53, I sometimes feel my life is over. If not for pain control from opioid medication, it surely would become a reality.

I never asked to be overcome with this much pain from so many “invisible illnesses.”  As a prior athlete, I am challenged daily to accept the reduced quality of life for myself and, in turn, for my family. Fortunately, my empathetic pain doctor will prescribe me enough medication so that I am functioning. If my current regimen were to be lowered to the amount set forth in this guideline, I would not be able to fully care for myself, perhaps be bedridden, and be left with a dramatically diminished quality of life.

This mandate actually takes away my right to a quality of life that I deserve. The burden of being struck with legitimate pain conditions should not equate to the loss of a right to live life with dignity, just as any other patient with any other chronic illness.

Many doctors are now frightened of prescribing pain medication for fear the CDC, DEA or FDA would sanction their license, when they simply want to fulfill their oath of “do no harm.” And let's be clear, not prescribing pain medication to a patient who is suffering, is doing harm! Not only for the patient, but for our communities and society as a whole.

To this point, on June 1, 2016, Dr. Debra Houry, the director of the CDC’s National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, wrote the following:

“The Guideline is a set of voluntary recommendations intended to guide primary care providers as they work in consultation with their patients to address chronic pain. Specifically, the Guideline includes a recommendation to try taper or reduce dosage only when patient harm outweighs patient benefit of opioid therapy. The Guideline is not a rule, regulation, or law. It is not intended to deny access to opioid pain medication as an option for pain management. It is not intended to take away physician discretion and decision-making.”
  

I truly hope that there is no collusion between the insurance industry and CMS in drafting your new “Opioid Misuse Strategy.” Taking pain medication away from a pain patient will not stop the criminals, drug cartels or addicts. Those issues are worlds away. Pain patients are not addicts or looking for a “high.” They depend on their medication just as a diabetic depends on insulin for life quality.

Please join me and become an empathetic advocate for the millions who suffer in silence as a result of just a few who break the law and displace attention away from the real tragedy: Pain patients being denied medical treatment, being treated as criminals, and their doctors being threatened for only doing the right thing!

For all of these reasons and more, CMS should not adopt or align your agency’s policies with the CDC Guideline, as it is apparent you have misinterpreted them.

Sincerely,
Judith A. Botamer

Pain News Network invites other readers to share their stories with us.

Send them to: editor@PainNewsNetwork.org. 

The information in this column should not be considered as professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is for informational purposes only and represents the author’s opinions alone. It does not inherently express or reflect the views, opinions and/or positions of Pain News Network.

The Magical Opioid Number

By Roger Chriss, Guest Columnist

Numbers can be impressive. They seem like powerful evidence or useful metrics in regulations and legislation.

In 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued its guidelines for opioid prescribing, setting a recommended daily limit on opioid doses at 90 morphine milligram equivalent (MME). Now the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) is on the cusp of adopting that number as a requirement for Medicare recipients. Physicians around the country have already started using it and so has the Veterans Administration.

In addition, Maine has passed a state law with a maximum 100 MME allowed for opioid prescribing starting on July 1, 2017. New Jersey, Virginia and other states are also passing laws restricting opioid prescribing by dose or duration, often citing the CDC guidelines as justification. 

But this number is all but arbitrary. The CDC guidelines recognize that the 90 MME ceiling was based on limited evidence. Obviously, patients are not safe at either 80 MME or doomed at 100 MME.

Nor can this number be used to calculate the safe number of days or doses for an opioid prescription. It is a magical number. And magical numbers can lead to magical thinking.

In fact, the 90 MME from the CDC cannot even be reliably calculated. The CDC offers an app that allows physicians to calculate the 90 MME. Its basic methodology is described here. Web sites like Practical Pain Management also offer an opioid calculator, and third-party developers have created opioid conversion apps.

But it turns out that the results of these calculators are inconsistent. Dr. Jeffery Fudin and his students have shown that the various methods of calculating MME produce significantly different outcomes.

Thus, how much of a morphine equivalent dose an individual is actually allowed to receive depends on which method is used. This uncertainty makes the 90 MME level clinically less than meaningful and potentially dangerous.

Existing research does show an increased risk of addiction and overdose as the daily dose of an opioid medication rises. But this is exactly what we should see. Most substances are more dangerous in larger quantities, after all. But each patient is different: gender, age, health status, prior opioid exposure, and other factors all play a significant role in determining a safe and effective dose of an opioid medication.

A cutoff like 90 MME is at best arbitrary. At worst it leaves some patients undertreated, and may harm patients who are forced to taper to the 90 MME threshold from a higher dose that has been safe and effective for them.

In addition, it is not entirely clear how the magic number of 90 MME was determined. The CDC developed its guidelines in a largely closed-door process that involved outside consultants whose identity was not revealed at the time. Most magical numbers are like this: their justification is thin and often obscured.

Meanwhile, the CMS and states like New Jersey and Maine are ignoring more important numbers. A recent STAT News article reported that opioid prescriptions have been falling since 2012 and that the misuse of pain relievers bottomed out in 2014. In other words, opioid prescribing is no longer a driving factor in the opioid crisis -- street drugs are.

The magical number of 90 MME is simply not justified. The relative risk of prescription opioids, in particular for people with chronic or intractable pain, is quite low. This fact was ignored in the CDC guidelines and in state government regulation. But it should be obvious: Most Americans have taken opioids at some point in their lives, whether after trauma or surgery or as a part of dental care. And it is abundantly clear that the majority have not become addicted to opioids. Again, the magic number is not real.

On February 9, 1950, Senator Joe McCarthy gave a speech in Wheeling, West Virginia, claiming that the U.S. State Department was infested with Communists, specifically 205 of them. This number helped launch a wave of political repression, fear-mongering, and social paranoia that we now refer to as McCarthyism. Nothing good came of that era, except maybe a cautionary note about how magical numbers can contribute to tragic results.

We are facing a similar risk with opioids, a magical number motivated by magical thinking by regulators and policymakers -- none of which is likely to help address the opioid crisis or the tragedy of addiction.

Instead, millions of people who may benefit from short-term opioid therapy after trauma or surgery will be denied effective medication for pain management, and tens of thousands of people with chronic conditions for whom opioid therapy is a critical component in maintaining a reasonable quality of life will be harmed. These are real numbers that we really need to pain attention to.

Roger Chriss suffers from Ehlers Danlos syndrome. Roger is from Washington state, where he works as a technical consultant who specializes in mathematics and research.

Pain News Network invites other readers to share their stories with us.  Send them to:  editor@PainNewsNetwork.org. 

The information in this column should not be considered as professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is for informational purposes only and represents the author’s opinions alone. It does not inherently express or reflect the views, opinions and/or positions of Pain News Network.

Pain Patients Prefer Marijuana over Opioids

By Pat Anson, Editor

A small study by Canadian researchers has found that nearly two-thirds of patients who use marijuana medically prefer cannabis over prescription drugs to treat their chronic pain, anxiety and depression.

An online survey by researchers at the University of British Columbia and University of Victoria asked 271 patients about their marijuana use. About half reported having chronic pain, while the remainder suffered from mental health issues, gastrointestinal problems, insomnia or multiple sclerosis.  

Overall, 95 percent of patients said cannabis was very effective at treating their symptoms and 63 percent reported using cannabis as a substitute for opioids, benzodiazepines, anti-depressants and other prescription drugs.

The study, published in International Journal of Drug Policy, was funded by Tilray, a medical marijuana production and research company.

“The finding that patients using cannabis to treat pain-related conditions have a higher rate of substitution for opioids, and that patients self-reporting mental health issues have a higher rate of substitution for benzodiazepines and antidepressants has significant public health implications,” wrote co-author Zach Walsh, PhD, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of British Columbia.

“In light of the growing rate of morbidity and mortality associated with these prescription medications, cannabis could play a significant role in reducing the health burden of problematic prescription drug use.”

Vaporizers were the most common method for using cannabis, followed by smoking, edibles, water pipes, and topical lotions. Most patients reported using 2 grams or less of marijuana. Many said cannabis was safer and had fewer adverse side effects than their medications.

A recent study in Canada found that a significant increase in the use of marijuana coincided with a decline in the use of opioid pain medication and benzodiazepines such as Xanax and Valium.

“The finding that medical cannabis is used primarily to treat chronic pain is consistent with past research. However, the extensive self-reported use to treat mental health conditions and associated symptoms represents a novel and interesting trend, and suggests that the conceptualization of cannabis as deleterious to mental health may not generalize across conditions or populations,” Walsh said.

Medical marijuana has been legal in Canada since 2001, but only to treat certain conditions. Cannabis is currently prescribed to over 65,000 patients.

A small study conducted at the University of Michigan last year also found a significant decline in the use of opioids by pain patients using medical marijuana.  Nearly two-thirds (64%) reported a reduction in their use of pain medications and almost half (45%) said cannabis improved their quality of life.

Previous research also found that opioid overdoses declined by nearly 25 percent in states where medical marijuana was legalized.

Last week, a spokesman for the Trump administration suggested there could be a crackdown in the U.S. on the use of marijuana recreationally.

"There's two distinct issues here, medical marijuana and recreational marijuana," said press secretary Sean Spicer. "I think that when you see something like the opioid addiction crisis blossoming in so many states around this country, the last thing that we should be doing is encouraging people."

Although 28 states have legalized medical marijuana and a handful of states also allow its recreational use, marijuana is still illegal under federal law.  Spicer suggested there could be “greater enforcement” of federal law under Attorney General Jeff Sessions, a longtime opponent of marijuana use.

Signing a Pain Contract in the Age of Opioid Phobia

By Crystal Lindell, Columnist

I know, I know. Opioids seem to be all that pain patients talk about these days. Blah, blah, blah. We get it, you need drugs. Let’s move on already.

But I don’t have that luxury. Opioids are, for better and for (mostly) worse, a huge part of my life. And I recently decided that I was:

A. Going to need to continue taking at least a small dose of hydrocodone long-term

B. That I really needed a slighter larger, “small dose” to be able to function.

I have what’s called intercostal neuralgia on my right side and the best way I can think to describe it is that I always feel like I have three broken ribs. The pain is no joke. And although it seems to be more manageable these days, it lingers and it hurts like hell, and opioids are the only thing I have found that even kind of helps.

Without hydrocodone I am in too much pain to shower regularly, check email, do my makeup or even sit a restaurant and eat.  With hydrocodone I can pretty much do all those things, like a typical health person who’s just a bit high. 

And yes, I know they are addictive, I know how hard they are to get off of, and I know that withdrawal is hell. I’ve been through it. I took myself down to 5 mg a day from 60 mg day when my pain became more manageable. It wasn’t easy. It took about a year for my brain to deal with that, and the withdrawal issues sucked.

So, when I say I need to be on hydrocodone, I say it with all the wisdom and caution that comes from the personal experience of dealing with opioids — and their side effects. 

And honestly, I’m among the lucky ones. When I called my doctor to ask if I could up to 10 mg a day, he agreed and knew I wouldn’t be asking if I hadn’t given lots of thought to the pros and cons of that choice. 

But that doesn’t mean dealing with opioids doesn’t also suck. 

First, I had to drive two hours each way to see him, because that’s how far away the closest university hospital is to my house and my case is too complex for the local small town doctors. And, as a reminder, I live my daily life feeling like I have three broken ribs. Driving two hours each way sucks. 

Then, when I got there, I had to take a drug test. Some politician somewhere decided people on opioids shouldn’t be using pot. Okay. But peeing in a cup sucks when you’re a woman. It gets all over your hands. You miss the cup and don’t collect enough. It’s just messy. 

But fine. Whatever. 

I peed in a cup. Good news. I’m clean. Well, I mean, aside from the hydrocodone, I’m clean. 

Signing a Pain Contract

Then, I had to sign what is formally called the “Controlled Substances Medication Agreement” — basically an opioid pain contract. At first blush it doesn’t seem like a big deal. As long as I’m a good person, there shouldn’t be any issues, right?

But the thing is literally 21 bullet points long. And it feels like I signed away all of my rights. 

The contract includes things like bullet point number 8, which requires that I get my prescription filled at the same pharmacy every month.

This is annoying because I use my local small town pharmacy, which is closed on Sundays, holidays and every night at 7 p.m. And if I’m due for a refill on a Sunday or out of town for work when my prescription expires, I can’t get it filled early, as bullet point number 14 clearly explains. 

Bullet point 14 also says I have to keep all my drugs in a locked cabinet or safe, and if they’re ever stolen I can’t get an early refill. Guys, that’s just not practical. I take these meds as needed, and sometimes that means I’m at the grocery store or visiting a friend or eating at Taco Bell, and then suddenly they are needed. And at those times, they are in my purse, which doesn’t have a lock on it. 

Bullet point number 11 says I can’t go to the emergency room for opioids, which sucks because sometimes my pain spikes and the only thing that gets it under control is a shot of dilaudid, which I usually get at the ER. I guess now when my pain spikes, I’m supposed to drive two hours to my doctor and hope he’s available to deal with it. 

Oh, and if I’m ever too sick to make that drive, nobody is allowed to pick up my hydrocodone prescription unless I have pre-authorized them, as per bullet point number 13. Of course, it has to be a written prescription — doctors cannot legally call in or fax hydrocodone  prescriptions anymore. 

I also agreed to get random drug tests, allow pill counts. and basically just give up all of my dignity. 

Fine. Okay. I need these medications. So I signed on the dotted line. And I guess I just have to hope I never get robbed, have a flare up or need a refill on a Sunday. 

The thing about opioids is that everyone assumes that if they ever need these drugs they will be able to get them. That anyone who’s truly deserving doesn’t have anything to worry about. But I have to tell you something: I’m a good person. I’m in real pain. I need these drugs. And I’m barely able to get them.

I understand how powerful these drugs are. Going off morphine was literally hell for me. But you know what else is hell? Living every day of your life feeling like you have three broken ribs. 

Crystal Lindell is a journalist who lives in Illinois. She loves Taco Bell, watching "Burn Notice" episodes on Netflix and Snicker's Bites. She has had intercostal neuralgia since February 2013.

Crystal writes about it on her blog, “The Only Certainty is Bad Grammar.”

The information in this column should not be considered as professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is for informational purposes only and represent the author’s opinions alone. It does not inherently express or reflect the views, opinions and/or positions of Pain News Network.

Active Seniors Have Lower Risk of Chronic Pain

By Pat Anson, Editor

Older adults who are physically active are better able to block pain signals and may have a lower risk of developing chronic pain, according to a small study published in the journal Pain.

Researchers at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis performed a series of experiments on 51 healthy adults, aged 60 to 77, who wore monitoring devices for one week to measure their physical activity. Participants were given heat and pressure tests to measure their “pain modulation” – how the central nervous system interprets and perceives pain.

Both tests found that pain modulation was significantly related to physical activity. Older adults with more frequent moderate-to-vigorous physical activity had lower pain scores, while those who were sedentary were less able to block pain signals. Even light physical activity appeared to lower pain perception.

"This study provides the first objective evidence suggesting that physical activity behavior is related to the functioning of the endogenous pain modulatory systems in older adults," wrote lead author Kelly Naugle, PhD, of the Center for Physical Activity in Wellness and Prevention, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis.

"Our data suggest that low levels of sedentary behavior and greater light physical activity may be critical in maintaining effective endogenous pain inhibitory function in older adults."

Previous studies have shown that pain modulation is poor in patients with chronic pain conditions such as arthritis, back pain and fibromyalgia.

Aging is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress, which could make the peripheral and central nervous systems more sensitive to pain. Older adults are also more likely to be sedentary and less physically active, which would make them more vulnerable to chronic pain.

Recent studies have documented the benefits of exercise for older adults. Chair yoga reduced pain and improved the quality of life in older adults with osteoarthritis. Another study found that just 45 minutes of moderate exercise a week improved function and reduced pain levels.  

Stay Engaged Socially If You Are Chronically Ill

By Barby Ingle, Columnist  

It is so important to stay active with your social life when you are living with chronic pain or a disabling chronic condition. It is so easy to isolate ourselves, which can lead to an increase in anxiety, depression and frustration.

Work at not isolating yourself from friends and family. Here are a few ideas that my husband/caregiver and I use:

For Patients:

• If prayer is helpful, keep doing it
• Keep exercising (or start)
• Look for support wherever you can find it
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle
• Socialize as much as possible
• Take in good nutrition
• Remember your caregivers are going through similar challenges

For Caregivers:

• If a patient is grouchy or depressed, don’t see it as an attack on you but as a reflection of their pain
• Learn as much as you can about the patient’s condition and the available medical options
• Remember the patient is not doing this on purpose and is going through many challenges
• Try not to take a patient’s anti-social behavior personally
• Try to avoid being either too babying or too harsh toward a patient
• A patient may feel less guilty if the burden does not always fall only on you. Try to find others to help with their care.

For Both of You:

• Discuss options with a loved one when they are ready to talk about them.
• Join or form a support group. This may be other family members or friends. This will allow you to take a break.

I believe that human connection is so important. When we connect with others and when we have support, we cope better, our pain levels don’t flair as often, and many other health benefits kick in.

We are meant to interact and be a part of society.

I have worked with many chronic pain patients over the years who isolated themselves. Either they or their caregiver came to me asking, “How do I get past this depression?” or “How do I get past all I have lost?”

One woman, who became a good friend over the last 10 years, was injured in her early years of life. She didn’t realize she was isolating herself and that she had stopped maturing psychologically or connecting with others.

Slowly and over time, she changed her patterns of social interaction, concentrated on her feelings, and practiced better daily living (posture, nutrition, stopped smoking). I encouraged her and her caregivers to be more social and pay more attention their feelings. She is now a social butterfly, both online and offline! 

I am also aware that social media or negative online support groups can be very draining when you don’t put up limitations and pay attention to your energy levels.

Find a good balance in life whether you are the patient or their caregiver. Remember you too can have a more meaningful social life that can make a difference for you and everyone around you. 

Barby Ingle suffers from Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD) and endometriosis. Barby is a chronic pain educator, patient advocate, and president of the International Pain Foundation. She is also a motivational speaker and best-selling author on pain topics. More information about Barby can be found at her website. 

The information in this column should not be considered as professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is for informational purposes only and represents the author’s opinions alone. It does not inherently express or reflect the views, opinions and/or positions of Pain News Network. 

Heroin Tops Painkillers as Leading Cause of Overdoses

By Pat Anson, Editor

One in four drug overdoses in the United States can now be blamed on heroin, according to a new report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that shows deaths linked to prescription painkillers falling.

The report found that fatal drug overdoses have more than doubled in the U.S. since 1999, with overdose death rates growing the fastest among whites and middle aged Americans.

In 2015, the overdose death rate was 16.3 per 100,000 people, up from 6.1 deaths per 100,000 in 1999. Ten percent of the deaths in 2015 were classified as suicides, 84% were accidental and the remainder undetermined.

The report by the CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics further documents the changing nature of the nation’s drug problem. Overdose deaths involving natural and semisynthetic opioid painkillers – such as hydrocodone and oxycodone – remain high, but have fallen from 29% of all overdoses in 2010 to 24% in 2015.

At the same time, deaths involving heroin have tripled, from 8% of overdoses in 2010 to 25% in 2015 – making heroin the leading cause of drug overdoses.

Deaths involving synthetic opioids, a category that includes both fentanyl and tramadol, rose from 8% of overdoses in 2010 to 18% in 2015. The U.S. has seen a surge in illicit fentanyl being sold on the black market, where it is often mixed with heroin or used to make counterfeit painkillers. More recent data from some states, like Massachusetts and Ohio, show that deaths involving fentanyl now exceed those linked to heroin and painkillers.

PERCENTAGE OF OVERDOSE DEATHS BY DRUG CATEGORY (SOURCE: CDC)

Perhaps the only bright spot in the report is that overdose deaths involving methadone have declined from 12% of deaths in 2010 to 6% in 2015.

The CDC analysis is based on death certificate codes, a database that is not always considered reliable because of wide variability in reporting from state to state.

“At autopsy, the substances tested for and the circumstances under which the toxicology tests are performed vary by jurisdiction,” wrote lead author Holly Hedegaard, MD, a medical epidemiologist with the National Center for Health Statistics.

“Additionally, drug overdose deaths may involve multiple drugs; therefore, a single death might be included in more than one category when describing the percentage of drug overdose deaths involving specific drugs. For example, a death that involved both heroin and fentanyl would be included in both the percentage of drug overdose deaths involving heroin and the percentage of drug overdose deaths involving synthetic opioids excluding methadone.”

Other highlights from the report:

• West Virginia, New Hampshire, Kentucky and Ohio had the highest overdose rates in 2015
• Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota and Texas had the lowest overdose rates
• The age-adjusted overdose death rate among whites in 2015 was 240% higher than in 1999
• The overdose rate for whites was nearly double that of blacks and three times higher than Hispanics
• Overdose deaths grew among all age groups, but surged over 500% for adults aged 55 to 64

The report helps document a disturbing increase in deaths among middle-aged white Americans, first reported by Princeton University researchers in 2015.

Anne Case and Angus Deaton estimated that a "lost generation" of nearly half a million Americans died from a quiet epidemic of chronic pain, suicide, alcohol abuse and drug overdoses from 1999 to 2013.  

“This change reversed decades of progress in mortality and was unique to the United States; no other rich country saw a similar turnaround,” Case and Deaton reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. “This increase for whites was largely accounted for by increasing death rates from drug and alcohol poisonings, suicide, and chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis.”

The rising death rate for middle-aged whites was accompanied by declines in physical health, mental health and employment, as well as increases in chronic joint pain, neck pain, sciatica and disability.

Study: Suboxone Usually Fails To Stop Opioid Use

By Pat Anson, Editor

A drug widely prescribed to treat opioid addiction fails so often that two-thirds of the pain patients who took it during addiction treatment wound up getting opioid prescriptions again, according to a large new study by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Researchers analyzed pharmacy claims for over 38,000 people who were prescribed Suboxone (buprenorphine) between 2006 and 2013, and found that 67 percent of them filled a prescription for an opioid painkiller in the year after Suboxone treatment.

Nearly half of the patients – 43 percent -- filled an opioid prescription during treatment. Most patients continued to receive similar amounts of opioids before and after Suboxone treatment.

Suboxone is a combination of two different medications: buprenorphine, a short-acting opioid similar to methadone, and naloxone, an anti-overdose drug.

During most of the years analyzed in the study, Suboxone was the only combination of buprenorphine and naloxone that was available. It is now sold under several different brand names.

The Johns Hopkins study, which was funded by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, found that about two-thirds of the patients who received Suboxone stopped filling prescriptions for it after just three months.

The findings, published in the journal Addiction, raise questions about the effectiveness of Suboxone and addiction treatment in general, at a time when the federal government is spending hundreds of millions of dollars to subsidize the addiction treatment industry.

"The statistics are startling," said lead author G. Caleb Alexander, MD, "but are consistent with studies of patients treated with methadone showing that many patients resume opioid use after treatment."

Researchers say the continued use of pain medication during and after addiction treatment suggests that many patients did not have well-coordinated treatment for their addiction or their chronic pain.

“There are high rates of chronic pain among patients receiving opioid agonist therapy, and thus concomitant use of buprenorphine and other opioids may be justified clinically. This is especially true as the absence of pain management among patients with opioid use disorders may result in problematic behaviors such as illicit drug use and misuse of other prescription medications,” Alexander wrote.

Prescriptions for Suboxone and other brands of buprenorphine have soared in recent years as the U.S. grapples with an “opioid epidemic” that was initially fueled by painkillers, but is now increasingly caused by heroin and illicit fentanyl. Sales of buprenorphine now exceed $2 billion annually and are likely to keep growing.

Last year the federal government nearly tripled the number patients that can be treated with buprenorphine by an eligible physician. Raising the limit from 100 to 275 patients was intended to give addicts greater access to treatment, especially in rural areas where few doctors are certified to prescribe buprenoprhine.

An additional $1 billion in funding for addiction treatment was approved by Congress last year under the 21st Century Cures Act. Much of that money will be used to pay for buprenorphine prescriptions.

Addicts long ago discovered that buprenorphine can be used to get high or to ease their withdrawal pains from heroin and other opioids. Buprenorphine is such a popular street drug that the National Forensic Laboratory Information System ranked it as the third most diverted opioid medication in the U.S. in 2014. 

Common Medical Conditions Linked to Fibromyalgia

By Lana Barhum, Columnist

People with fibromyalgia are more likely than others in the general population to have other chronic conditions. But doctors have yet to figure out why fibromyalgia often coexists with other diseases – what’s known as “comorbidity.”

Fibromyalgia sufferers often have migraines, autoimmune diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, depression, anxiety and sleep disturbances. Having multiple overlapping conditions isn’t easy, and increases physical pain and suffering. 

It is important for all of us with fibromyalgia to learn about these conditions and their symptoms.  Being knowledgeable about them will help us and our medical providers better control our symptoms, pain and overall health. 

Here are several common medical conditions faced by people who also have fibromyalgia:

Migraines:  Research indicates migraine sufferers are more likely to have fibromyalgia. One study from 2011, published in The Journal of Headache and Pain, suggests migraine headaches may even trigger fibromyalgia. Researchers believe preventing migraine headaches could potentially stop or slow down the development of fibromyalgia in some people, or minimize symptoms in fibromyalgia sufferers.

"These results suggest different levels of central sensitization in patients with migraine, fibromyalgia or both conditions and a role for migraine as a triggering factor for FMS. Prevention of headache chronification in migraine patients would thus appear crucial also for preventing the development of fibromyalgia in predisposed individuals or its worsening in co-morbid patients,” Italian researchers reported.

Autoimmune Diseases:  In about 25% of cases, fibromyalgia co-exists with an autoimmune condition, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  Two serious autoimmune diseases that may accompany fibromyalgia are rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and lupus. 

Other studies show at least 20% of RA patients also have fibromyalgia, but researchers have yet to understand the connection. The pain of RA can trigger fibromyalgia flares, worsen pain and symptoms, and vice versa. 

In 2016, researchers in the UK tried to determine whether RA patients who also had fibromyalgia had lower levels of joint inflammation.  The results of their study, published in BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, determined RA patients with fibromyalgia had "widespread soft tissue tenderness but fewer clinically inflamed joints, have higher disease activity scores but may have lower levels of synovial [joint] inflammation."

The researchers suggested that different approaches to treatment may benefit these patients.

"These patients are less likely to respond to escalation of inflammation-suppressing therapy and may be more suitable for other forms of treatment including alternative means of pain control and psychological support,” they wrote.

It is also not uncommon for lupus and fibromyalgia to co-occur.  However, fibromyalgia is no more common in lupus than other autoimmune diseases, according to researchers out of the National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases. 

Depression and Anxiety: People with fibromyalgia frequently experience depression and anxiety.

According to a 2011 report published in the journal Pain Research and Treatment, 90% of fibromyalgia patients have depressive symptoms at least once, and 86% of those people may suffer from a major depressive disorder. Depression and fibromyalgia occur at the same time in at least 40% cases -- a connection that researchers are still trying to understand.

The prevalence of anxiety symptoms in fibromyalgia patients ranges from 13% to about 71%,  according to Portuguese researchers. 

Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A majority of fibromyalgia patients – up to 70% - also suffer from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a digestive disorder characterized by abdominal pain, cramping, bloating, diarrhea and constipation.

Sleep Disturbances:  Most people with fibromyalgia report problems sleeping.  No matter how long they sleep, theyrarely feel rested. Restless leg syndrome, non-restorative sleep, and sleep apnea are all sleep issues associated with fibromyalgia.

People with fibromyalgia are more likely to have restless leg syndrome (RLS) than others in the general population, according to a study from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). RLS is a disorder that causes uncomfortable feelings in the legs and/or the urge to keep moving the legs. The AASM study, published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, finds 33% of people with fibromyalgia also have RLS.  

Up to 90% of fibromyalgia patients experience non-restorative sleep, a feeling of not getting refreshing sleep, despite appearing to have slept.

A 2013 study published in Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology reports that 61% of men with fibromyalgia suffer from sleep apnea, as well as 32% of women. Sleep apnea is a serious sleep disorder where breathing is interrupted during sleep.  

Living with Fibromyalgia and Co-Existing Conditions                 

In addition to suffering from fibromyalgia, I also suffer from three co-existing conditions -- rheumatoid arthritis, depression, and anxiety.  Having both RA and fibromyalgia, I have struggled with more severe symptoms, including muscle and joint pain and cognitive issues.  I know dealing with this debilitating pain results in both depression and anxiety, and both have been frequent visitors to my life.   

I am aware of the effect multiple conditions have on my well-being, and work hard at improving my overall health. I know I can still have a good quality of life, despite the many obstacles that fibromyalgia and its multiple co-occurring conditions present. 

There are other conditions linked to fibromyalgia that I have not mentioned, but they are still significant. Understanding how fibromyalgia and these conditions coexist may someday help researchers develop better treatments for fibromyalgia. 

Lana Barhum is a freelance medical writer, patient advocate, legal assistant and mother. Having lived with rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia since 2008, Lana uses her experiences to share expert advice on living successfully with chronic illness. She has written for several online health communities, including Alliance Health, Upwell, Mango Health, and The Mighty.

To learn more about Lana, visit her website.

The information in this column should not be considered as professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is for informational purposes only and represent the author’s opinions alone. It does not inherently express or reflect the views, opinions and/or positions of Pain News Network.

CDC Opioid Guidelines Are Not Rules or Laws

By Mark Helfand, DDS, Guest Columnist

I am a 62 year old dentist who had to retire 20 years ago due to Chronic Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS). It started in my right forearm and has spread to all four extremities. Recently it has spread into my shoulders, fingers, knees and thighs.

I have seen numerous pain doctors over the years (that's another story) and have finally found a compassionate, intelligent doctor. He has the knowledge and conviction to be a physician and to treat me properly.

I feel sorry for all the other patients suffering as I do, who are being treated by people with medical degrees that are too stupid or too scared to treat their patients as they swore to do when they graduated from medical school.

Have they forgotten the Hippocratic Oath to do no harm?

The CDC opioid prescribing guidelines are just that -- guidelines -- NOT rules or laws. As a matter of fact, here is a quote directly from the guidelines:

MARK HELFAND

“The recommendations in the guideline are voluntary, rather than prescriptive standards. They are based on emerging evidence, including observational studies or randomized clinical trials with notable limitations. Clinicians should consider the circumstances and unique needs of each patient when providing care."

The so-called "doctors" (and I use the term loosely) that say they cannot prescribe narcotics anymore or cannot prescribe the same dosage, either cannot read, don't care or aren't knowledgeable enough to know what they are doing.

I have had all the past and current mainstream treatments, except hyperbaric oxygen therapy and intravenous ketamine. I have tried and been prescribed most NSAIDs and narcotics.

I am currently taking fentanyl lozenges every three hours as needed and an experimental cream with ketamine that my pharmacist read about in one of his journals.

He sent the paper to me, I brought it to my doctor, we discussed the pros and cons, and my doctor prescribed it for me.

It is helping, but I am not even close to being pain free. However, I am not "stoned" on drugs. If I was, I couldn't write this letter.

I have some semblance of a life and when the pain gets unbearable, I have the ketamine cream and can take the medication I need without having to beg some non-caring doctor in an emergency room. I have been through that and refuse to go through it again.

I genuinely feel sorry for all the chronic pain patients that haven't been as "lucky" as I am. I am cursed with this horrible, excruciatingly painful condition 24/7, but am blessed by a few angels (my pharmacist, my doctor, my niece, and 3 or 4 lay people) that help me live whatever life I have.

I hope this inspires others in my condition to search for their angels.

Dr. Mark Helfand lives in New York.

Pain News Network invites other readers to share their stories with us.  Send them to:  editor@PainNewsNetwork.org. 

The information in this column should not be considered as professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is for informational purposes only and represents the author’s opinions alone. It does not inherently express or reflect the views, opinions and/or positions of Pain News Network.

Pain Research Moving at Snail’s Pace

By Pat Anson, Editor

It often seems like research into new treatments for chronic pain are moving at a snail’s pace.

That's literally the case at the University of Utah,  were scientists are studying conus regius, a small marine cone snail found in the Caribbean Sea. The snail's venom is so potent that it paralyzes and kills its prey.

Researchers have isolated a compound in the snail's venom – called Rg1A4 – that has anesthetic effects that last far longer than opioid pain medication.

When injected into laboratory rats, the compound is cleared from the animal’s body in 4 hours, but its analgesic effect still works 72 hours later.

The duration of that pain relieving effect suggests that Rg1A4 has a restorative effect on some components of the nervous system.

UNIVERSITY OF UTAH PHOTO

"What is particularly exciting about these results is the aspect of prevention," said J. Michael McIntosh, MD, a professor of psychiatry at the University of Utah Health Sciences. "Once chronic pain has developed, it is difficult to treat. This compound offers a potential new pathway to prevent pain from developing in the first place and offer a new therapy to patients who have run out of options."

Most pain medications available today work through a limited number of neural pathways and are not sufficient to completely alleviate chronic pain. Opioids also have risky side effects, such as addiction and respiratory depression.

"RgIA4 works by an entirely new pathway, which opens the door for new opportunities to treat pain," said McIntosh. "We feel that drugs that work by this pathway may reduce burden of opioid use."

Researchers around the world are studying the potential medical benefits of cone snail venom. In addition to its analgesic effects, German scientists have found that peptides in the venom decompose quickly and are unlikely to cause dependency.

A pharmaceutical drug derived from cone snails has already been developed and is marketed under the brand name Prialt. The drug is injected in spinal cord fluid to treat severe pain caused by failed back surgery, injury, AIDS, and cancer.

We Need a Declaration of War Against Chronic Pain

By Carol Levy, Columnist

When my neuro-ophthalmologist wrote to a surgeon asking him to evaluate me for trigeminal neuralgia surgery he said, “She is being victimized by her pain.”

After I had undergone a number of neurosurgical procedures and treatments, one of the neurosurgeons wrote back, “We have used every weapon in our armamentarium.”

Many in the pain community use the terms “pain survivor” and “pain warrior.”

Looking at pain in the context of war is easy.  In times of war, the enemy is defined as “something harmful or deadly.”  Pain is certainly harmful.  And some patients die from their pain, some naturally and some, sadly, by their own hand.

The government declares a “war” on opioid abuse. But instead of fighting the abusers, illegal sales, pill mills, criminal cabals, unscrupulous doctors and patients who act criminally, they carpet bomb and ignore the innocent casualties.

The result emboldens the enemy (pain), and winds up costing innocent patients, doctors, insurance companies and ultimately the rest of the country.

It is a proven threat in other ways as well. People living with chronic pain who are employed use more sick days then those without pain. Those whose pain is untreated or undertreated may become disabled and leave the work force altogether. The cost of lost productivity alone is estimated at up to $335 billion a year.

Add in the cost of healthcare and the total economic cost of chronic pain is estimated at $635 billion annually, more than the yearly costs for cancer, heart disease and diabetes.

The government has declared war on those diseases. But for some reason chronic pain and its costs are ignored or denied.

War is a competition between opposing forces. Instead of pain patients and the government working together to appease the scourge of chronic pain, we have chosen sides. One side just wants the pain to go away. The other side cares more about fighting the “opioid epidemic.” The only weapon we have is our voice.

The U.S. Senate repeatedly refused to pass the National Pain Care Policy Act, despite the House passing it in 4 separate sessions, starting in 2005.

Republican congressional leaders now want to replace the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare), which would include the repeal of Section 4305, which calls for more research, education and training in pain care. Another battle being lost by the pain community.

Our goals may be different. As a patient, we want the pain to end. As a country we want the soaring cost of care to end. If we can just find a way to end the pain, we will reduce, and maybe even end, the cost to the country.

It will take more than a detente between the government and pain patients. It requires an alliance – with active involvement on both sides.

War is hell. So too is chronic pain. It is time the battle was joined. By country and by patient.

Carol Jay Levy has lived with trigeminal neuralgia, a chronic facial pain disorder, for over 30 years. She is the author of “A Pained Life, A Chronic Pain Journey.” 

Carol is the moderator of the Facebook support group “Women in Pain Awareness.” Her blog “The Pained Life” can be found here.

The information in this column should not be considered as professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is for informational purposes only and represent the author’s opinions alone. It does not inherently express or reflect the views, opinions and/or positions of Pain News Network.

Tougher Opioid Guidelines for U.S. Military and Veterans

By Pat Anson, Editor

It’s going to be even harder for U.S. military service members and veterans – especially younger ones -- to obtain opioid pain medication.

The Department of Veterans Affairs and the Department of Defense have released a new clinical practice guideline for VA and military doctors that strongly recommends against prescribing opioids for long-term chronic pain – pain that lasts longer than 90 days.

The new guideline is even more stringent than the one released last year by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

It specifically recommends against long-term opioid therapy for patients under the age of 30.  And it urges VA and military doctors to taper or discontinue opioids for patients currently receiving high doses.

The 192-page guideline (which you can download by clicking here) is careful to note that the recommendations are voluntary and “not intended as a standard of care” that physicians are required to follow.

But critics worry they will be implemented and rigidly followed by military and VA doctors, just as the CDC guidelines were by many civilian doctors.

“I am concerned that many of these veterans with moderate to severe pain who may be well-maintained on long-term opioid therapy as part of a multidisciplinary approach or whom have already tried non-pharmacological and non-opioid therapies and found them insufficient will be tapered off their medication for no good reason except that their physicians will be fearful to run afoul of these new guidelines,” says Cindy Steinberg, National Director of Policy and Advocacy for the U.S. Pain Foundation, a patient advocacy group.

Although much of the research and clinical evidence used to support the new guideline was considered “low or very low” quality, a panel of experts found “mounting evidence” that the risk of harm from opioids -- such as addiction and overdose – “far outweighed the potential benefits.”

“There is a lack of high-quality evidence that LOT (long term opioid therapy) improves pain, function, and/or quality of life. The literature review conducted for this CPG (clinical practice guideline) identified no studies evaluating the effectiveness of LOT for outcomes lasting longer than 16 weeks. Given the lack of evidence showing sustained functional benefit of LOT and moderate evidence outlining harms, non-opioid treatments are preferred for chronic pain.”

The panel of experts was comprised of a diverse group of doctors, nurses and pharmacists within the Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs, including specialists in pain management and addiction treatment. 

“We recommend against initiation of long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain,” reads the first of 18 recommendations of the expert panel, which said that only “a rare subset of individuals” should be prescribed opioids long term.

Instead of opioids, the panel recommends exercises such as yoga and psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy to treat chronic pain, along with non-opioid drugs such as gabapentin (Neurontin).

“In light of the low harms associated with exercise and psychological therapies when compared with LOT these treatments are preferred over LOT, and should be offered to all patients with chronic pain including those currently receiving LOT.”

Another strong recommendation of the panel is that opioids not be prescribed long-term to anyone under the age of 30, because of the damage opioids can cause to developing brains. 

“Some may interpret the recommendation to limit opioid use by age as arbitrary and potentially discriminatory when taken out of context; however, there is good neurophysiologic rationale explaining the relationship between age and OUD (opioid use disorder) and overdose.”

Of the seven studies used to support this claim, four were rated as “fair quality” and three were considered “poor quality.”

“That strikes me as an extremely weak evidence base for such a sweeping recommendation,” said Steinberg. “There is no mention of severity of pain condition which is extremely relevant in this population, many of whom sustained devastating and gruesome battlefield injuries such as blown off limbs.”

The panel recommends alternatives to opioids for mild-to-moderate acute pain. If opioids are prescribed temporarily for acute short-term pain, immediate release opioids are preferred.

Risk of Suicide Discounted

Pain is a serious problem for both active duty service members and veterans. A study found that nearly half the service members returning from Afghanistan have chronic pain and 15 percent reported using opioids – rates much higher than the civilian population.

The incidence of pain is even higher among veterans being treated at VA facilities. Over half suffer from chronic pain, as well as other conditions that contribute to it, such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Even more alarming is a recent VA study that found an average of 22 veterans committing suicide each day.

The new guideline recommends that patients be monitored for suicide risk before and during opioid therapy, but curiously there is no mention that undertreated or untreated pain is also a risk for suicide. For patients being tapered or taken off opioids, doctors are advised not to take a threat of suicide too seriously.

“Some patients on LOT who suffer from chronic pain and co-occurring OUD, depression, and/or personality disorders may threaten suicide when providers recommend discontinuation of opioids. However, continuing LOT to ‘prevent suicide’ in someone with chronic pain is not recommended as an appropriate response if suicide risk is high or increases. In such cases, it is essential to involve behavioral health to assess, monitor, and treat a patient who becomes destabilized as a result of a medically appropriate decision to taper or cease LOT.”

Many patients could find themselves being tapered or taken off opioids if the guideline is taken literally by their doctors. The expert panel strongly recommends against opioid doses greater than a 90 mg morphine equivalent (MME) daily dose and urges caution for doses as low as 20 MME. 

“This again fails to recognize that patients differ widely in severity of pain, individual response to medication, body size and weight and tolerance for pain,” says Steinberg.

“I worry that, as we have seen with the CDC guidelines, clinicians will begin tapering patients who may be well-maintained on stable does of medication for fear of running afoul of sanctioned limitations rather than being guided by what is best for their patients. These limitations are in direct conflict with FDA approved labeling which is based on safety and efficacy trials and does not include dose thresholds.”

The VA and Department of Defense opioid guideline will affect millions of service members, veterans and their families. Nearly 1.5 million Americans currently serve in the armed forces and over 800,000 in the National Guard and Reserves.  The Veterans Administration provides health services to another 6 million veterans and their families.

The guideline is the second major initiative by the federal government so far this year aimed at reducing opioid prescribing. As Pain News Network has reported, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has announced plans to fully implement the CDC’s opioid prescribing guidelines.

CMS is taking those voluntary guidelines a step further by mandating them as official Medicare policy and taking punitive action against doctors and patients who don’t follow them. CMS provides health insurance to about 54 million Americans through Medicare and nearly 70 million through Medicaid.

3 Tips to Help Control Inflammation

By Ellen Lenox Smith, Columnist

No matter what chronic illness or condition you may have, we all have issues with inflammation that can add to our pain levels. Inflammation not only causes fluid retention, but can bring on headaches, body aches, brain fog and even subluxations, especially for those of us living with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

Did it ever occur to you that something you are ingesting might actually be creating havoc in your body? There is a strong possibility that certain foods and medications may not be right for your system. 

Food Sensitivity

For years, I seemed to be having bad reactions to certain foods, so I began investigating what the problem was.

First, I started with a skin test. I was shocked when I was told everything came back normal, but I knew that just couldn’t be right. So I went to a dietician and had a food sensitivity blood test called the Mediator Release Test (MRT). It worked like magic. The test identified the foods that were not being metabolized correctly by my body, thus causing inflammation and a significant amount of discomfort and pain.

For me the biggest culprits were garlic, ginger and broccoli, but that doesn’t mean they’ll cause the same problems for you. Some people have trouble with nightshade vegetables, such as potatoes, peppers, tomatoes and eggplant.

After getting my test results, I have to admit it wasn’t fun having to “say no” to foods that I loved. But within a short time, weight from bloating was reduced, I could think clearly again, and felt an overall body change in the right direction.

Depending on your level of sensitivity, after avoiding the identified foods for a few weeks or even months, you might be able to successfully reintroduce the foods back into your diet. You should talk to a dietician first, though.

Drug Sensitivity

Another irritant to the body can be an unknown sensitivity to medication. Many of us have no choice but to depend on medications for our medical issues. However, as with foods, you could also be dealing with medication sensitivity.

It was a surgeon from Wisconsin who first educated me about a DNA drug sensitivity test that can identify, through a simple swab in the mouth, what isn’t safe for your body

At the time I was going to a hospital in Wisconsin for surgeries. They couldn’t find anything to help me with pain control, because I seemed to be reacting to everything they tried. I’d reacted badly to medications all of my life, and with a major surgery to face, my surgeon suggested we find out what I was compatible with.

The drug sensitivity test showed I was not able to metabolize aspirin or Tylenol, let alone any of the opiates. But there were two medications I could utilize for pain, and using them helped make the surgery successful.

The beauty of using this test is that you can use it for life. Each time a new medication comes into question, it can be determined in advance whether you are compatible with it. If not, it’ll show what can be substituted instead.

What a dream it would be if all babies had this test at birth to prevent the reactions many of us have had to live through! Imagine taking a new medication knowing it is good for you, will not cause inflammation, or increase the discomfort that raises your pain level.

Candida Infestation

The third thing that you might want to consider, if you suspect something is triggering your inflammation, is candida. We all have yeast in our system, but did you know it gets fed and increases if the body is taking in too much sugar and/or carbohydrates?

If you have tried to lose weight and feel like you almost starved yourself, but still get on a scale and see the pounds going up, then you might have a candida infestation. If you have foul gas, sugar cravings, brain fog, and a general increase of discomfort, candida may also be the culprit.

Your primary care doctor can order a blood test to confirm the presence of candida and there is medication that can eliminate the infestation from your body. For me, as soon as I took the first Nystatin pill at night, I woke up the next morning already seeing a weight loss and an improvement in my overall well-being, including a clearer head!

I hope these three suggestions are helpful. If you have another idea or suggestion, please let us know what that is! We need to pay it forward and help each other improve the quality of our lives.

Ellen Lenox Smith suffers from Ehlers Danlos syndrome and sarcoidosis. Ellen and her husband Stuart live in Rhode Island. They are co-directors for medical marijuana advocacy for the U.S. Pain Foundation and serve as board members for the Rhode Island Patient Advocacy Coalition.

For more information about medical marijuana, visit their website.

The information in this column should not be considered as professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is for informational purposes only and represents the author’s opinions alone. It does not inherently express or reflect the views, opinions and/or positions of Pain News Network.