‘Opiophobia’ Leaves Millions Dying in Chronic Pain

By Pat Anson, Editor

More than 25 million people – most of them poor and living in developing countries – die each year in severe pain because they have little or no access to morphine and other painkillers, according to a new report.

A special commission created by The Lancet medical journal looked at pain care around the world and found major gaps in the availability of opioid pain medication. While opioid analgesics are relatively available in the United States and Canada, patients in many parts of the world have no access to them. In addition to the 25 million who die in pain, the commission estimated that another 35 million live with chronic pain that is untreated.

“The fact that access to such an inexpensive, essential, and effective intervention is denied to most patients in low-income and middle-income countries and in particular to poor people -- including many poor or otherwise vulnerable people in high-income countries -- is a medical, public health, and moral failing and a travesty of justice,” the Lancet commission found.

"Unlike many other essential health interventions already identified as priorities, the need for palliative care and pain relief has been largely ignored, even for the most vulnerable populations, including children with terminal illnesses and those living through humanitarian crises."

The voluminous report by 61 health experts from 25 countries took three years to prepare. It shared the story of a doctor in India who treated a patient named “Mr S” who suffered crippling pain from lung cancer. The doctor was able to provide him with morphine to relieve his pain, but when Mr S returned the next month, no morphine was available.

“Mr S told us with outward calm, ‘I shall come again next Wednesday. I will bring a piece of rope with me. If the tablets are still not here, I am going to hang myself from that tree.’ He pointed to the window. I believed he meant what he said,” the doctor said.

The commission said there were several barriers that stood in the way of effectively treating pain, including “opiophobia” – prejudice and misinformation about the medical value of opioids.

“A prevalent but unwarranted fear of non-medical use and addiction to opioids and opioid-induced side-effects, both among health-care providers and regulators and among patients and their families, has led to insufficient medical use. Unbalanced laws and excessive regulation perpetuate a negative feedback loop of poor access that mainly affects poor people,” the commission said.

“Efforts to prevent non-medical use of internationally controlled substances, such as morphine and other opioid analgesics, have overshadowed and crippled access to opioids for palliative care. These efforts have focused on preventing diversion and non-medical use rather than ensuring access by people with legitimate health needs.”

The commission also blamed the poor state of pain care on a tendency in the medical community to focus on curing and preventing disease, rather than preserving a patient’s quality of life and dignity.  

The report recommends that palliative care be included as part of universal health care coverage and that inexpensive morphine should be available “for any patient with medical need.”

PNN Survey Shows Strong Support for CVS Boycott

By Pat Anson, Editor

There is widespread support for a boycott of CVS for planning to have its pharmacists impose strict limits on the supply and dosage of opioid pain medication, according to a PNN survey of over 2,500 pain patients, caretakers and healthcare providers.

Nine out of ten (93%) said they would support a boycott of the pharmacy chain, which has nearly 10,000 retail locations nationwide.

“I already have to jump through multiple hoops to get my pain medication prescriptions. It is not the place of CVS to monitor or alter my prescriptions. That is my doctor's job,” one patient told us.

“My Rx needs have been determined by my physician and my case history,” another patient wrote. “CVS does not have my history, nor have they been seeing me as a patient. Therefore, they have no business dictating or changing the regimen my physician has set to try to help me control my chronic pain.”

CVS Health announced last month that its pharmacists would only provide a 7-day supply of opioids for acute, short-term pain. CVS will also limit the dose of opioid prescriptions – for both acute and chronic pain -- to no more than 90mg morphine equivalent units (MME). 

The policy begins February 1 and applies to about 90 million customers enrolled in CVS Caremark’s pharmacy benefit management program, which provides pharmacy services to over 2,000 health and insurance plans.

Many of the healthcare providers who responded to the online survey resent the idea of a pharmacist changing a doctor’s prescription or refusing to fill it.

WOULD YOU SUPPORT A BOYCOTT OF CVS?

“It is no one’s business how I prescribe but mine and the patient,” one doctor wrote.

“It is wrong on all levels. As a health care provider I am appalled by it,” said another.

“Pharmacies should not be interfering in doctor patient relationship and treatment. There are more and more rules and regulations, and where does it stop before you have tyranny? Their rule basically will accomplish nothing positive. I would also encourage others to boycott,” a healthcare provider wrote.

CVS Customers Support Boycott

Patients, caretakers and healthcare providers all support a boycott about equally. So did nearly 92 percent of those who identified themselves as current CVS customers.

“Treating patients like they are drug-seeking criminals is just plain cruel. Our lives are hard enough without having to jump through hoops to get even a few minutes of relief. I will never fill another prescription at CVS pharmacy,” one patient wrote.

“I have gone to the local CVS for my scripts for years because they had the best prices,” wrote another patient. “But since I heard about this new policy I refuse to even set foot in a CVS.”

“They (CVS pharmacists) think they are my doctor with rude comments to me and other customers. They are too big for their britches. I am switching to Walgreens,” another patient wrote.

“A boycott will happen whether organized or not. Patients who need more than 90 morphine equivalent mgs will have to take their business elsewhere,” said another patient.

“Boycotting solves nothing. A letter writing campaign or calls to corporate to voice our opinions would be a better way to explain why we disagree with the new policy,” another patient suggested.

There is still a fair amount of confusion about the CVS policy. Many chronic pain patients are worried the 7-day limit on opioids applies to them (it does not) and others believe a pharmacist doesn’t have the legal right to refuse to fill a doctor’s prescription (they do).  

CVS says “the prescriber can request an exception” if a patient needs a larger dose or more than a 7-day supply, but hasn’t released details on how that would work or how long it would take.

The pharmacy chain says its opioid policy is designed to “give greater weight” to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's opioid guideline, which discourages primary care physicians from prescribing opioids for chronic pain. But the CVS policy actually goes far beyond the voluntary recommendations of the CDC, making them mandatory for all physicians and for all types of pain.  

As PNN has reported, preventing abuse and addiction may not be the only reason behind CVS’ decision. In recent years, the company has been fined hundreds of millions of dollars for violations of the Controlled Substances Act and other transgressions, many of them involving opioid medication.

“Corporate self-interest is impetus for this policy. This CVS ploy is to avoid further scrutiny by the DEA and avoid additional monetary penalties,” one patient wrote.

“Money and bad press is the only thing that large companies like CVS pay attention to. Until the leadership and major investors feel some considerable financial pain themselves, they will continue to make or support decisions that hurt and endanger the lives of people in pain,” said another.

U.S. Pain Foundation Endorses 7 Day Limit

CVS is not the first pharmacy to adopt policies that limit the dispensing of opioids, but it is the first major chain to set a 7-day limit on opioids for acute pain. Several states have already adopted laws that limit new prescriptions to a few days' supply. The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA), an industry trade group,  recently announced its support for a 7-day limit, as did a patient advocacy group.

“We are on board with limiting new prescriptions for acute pain, but we do believe there should be a specific, written exemption for chronic pain, palliative pain, and cancer pain in order to ensure they are protected,” said Paul Gileno, founder and president of the U.S. Pain Foundation, which lists CVS Health and PhRMA as corporate sponsors on its website.

“A number of states, including Massachusetts, have adopted laws limiting first-time opioid prescription to seven days, and this part of the new CVS policy is consistent with these restrictions” said Cindy Steinberg, U.S. Pain’s national director of Policy and Advocacy. “We are in agreement with this limit for new, acute conditions; however instituting dosage limits for all patients is troubling.”

Not all of the comments in our survey were negative about CVS. Some patients expressed appreciation for CVS pharmacists who helped them save money with discounts or by suggesting cheaper medications. Others are happy to see any kind of action aimed at reducing opioid addiction. 

“It may anger some, but there is a major opioid problem in my area and sometimes it takes making a bold decision to create change, even at the risk of losing customers,” wrote one patient. “Notice nobody complains about CVS not selling cigarettes. They have lost billions in revenues since, but it was for the greater good of peoples’ health.” 

One healthcare provider is worried what will happen when her patients can’t get the pain medication they need.

“When that happens, we as providers become part of the problem because these patients will go to the street for help. They will do anything to get pain relief - not to get high. I won't boycott them but I think they ought to rethink what they are doing and the impact it will have,” she wrote.

“I have children with horrific chronic pain issues and other children who have had addiction issues that were not started with pain meds. I know both sides of this issue.”

Sessions Seeks to End Protection for Medical Marijuana

By Ellen Lenox Smith, Columnist

If you’re one of the millions of Americans who uses medical marijuana, you need to be aware of something going on in Congress that could affect your legal right to use cannabis.  

A few months ago, Attorney General Jeff Sessions wrote a letter to congressional leaders urging them to ditch an amendment that effectively prevents the Department of Justice from investigating or prosecuting cannabis users or sellers in states where medical marijuana is legal.

The Rohrabacher-Farr amendment first became law in 2014. It forbids the Justice Department from using any funds to prevent states from “implementing their own State laws that authorize the use, distribution, possession, or cultivation of medical marijuana.” Last year the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the provision protects marijuana growers, patients and dispensaries who are complying with medical marijuana laws in 29 states and the District of Columbia.

Those of us involved in our own state's medical marijuana programs felt safe and legally protected – until the Attorney General wrote his letter.

ATTORNEY GENERAL JEFF SESSIONS

Although the amendment has been attached to spending bills for years, Sessions wants to make sure it’s not in appropriations legislation for 2018. He stated in his letter that the court ruling gives dangerous criminals a loophole to protect themselves from prosecution. 

Sessions says the country is “in the midst of an historic drug epidemic and potentially long-term uptick in violent crime,” and the Justice Department “must be in a position to use all laws available to combat the transnational drug organizations and dangerous drug traffickers who threaten American lives.” 

Sessions appears to be deliberately equating medical marijuana use with the so-called opioid epidemic. But an emerging tide of research indicates otherwise. Opioid overdoses have actually declined in states where marijuana is legal and many pain patients prefer cannabis over opioid medication.

John Hudak of the Brookings Institution called Session’s letter a "scare tactic” that just might work. He told The Washington Post that Sessions "could appeal to rank-and-file members or to committee chairs in Congress in ways that could threaten the future of this Amendment."

So far Session’s arguments haven’t gained much traction in the U.S. Senate. In July, the Senate Appropriations Committee voted to keep the Rohrabacher–Farr  amendment in the appropriations bill for 2018.

“The federal government can't investigate everything and shouldn’t, and I don’t want them pursuing medical marijuana patients who are following state law,” Vermont Sen. Patrick Leahy (D) told The Hill. “We have more important things for the Department of Justice to do than tracking down doctors or epileptics using medical marijuana legally in their state."

But the Senate and House must work out a compromise, and it’s unclear how the House will vote. Last month the House Committee on Rules voted to remove the amendment from the House appropriations bill after Republican leaders said it was too “divisive.”

In the past, there has been broad bipartisan support for the amendment in Congress. One of its sponsors, California Rep. Dana Rohrabacher, is a conservative Republican who has long supported marijuana legalization. Without his amendment, Rohrabacher says Congress would be undermining the rights of states to make their own laws.

“The status quo for four years has been the federal government will not interfere because the Department of Justice is not permitted to use its resources to supersede a state that has legalized the medical use of marijuana,” Rohrabacher told his colleagues.

Many Americans agree. Support for medical marijuana is at an all-time high, reaching as much as 94 percent in one poll. 

Where do you stand? Where does your congressman? Should medical marijuana be protected from federal prosecution in states where it is legal?

I, for one, depend on cannabis for life. And will do all I can to let my voice be heard.

Ellen Lenox Smith lives with Ehlers Danlos syndrome and sarcoidosis. Ellen and her husband Stuart are co-directors for medical marijuana advocacy for the U.S. Pain Foundation and serve as board members for the Rhode Island Patient Advocacy Coalition.

For more information about medical marijuana, visit their website.

The information in this column should not be considered as professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is for informational purposes only and represents the author’s opinions alone. It does not inherently express or reflect the views, opinions and/or positions of Pain News Network.

What Are the Odds of Failing a Drug Test?

By Roger Chriss, Columnist

What are the odds that a person who tests positive for an illicit drug is actually using that drug?

That is a vital question in pain management and the opioid crisis, because millions of pain patients undergo drug tests regularly and some are falsely accused of failing them. The answer is not just a matter of looking at the accuracy of the test.

In a simple situation, like a toss of a coin or a roll of a die, computing the probability of an outcome is elementary. Most people realize that a toss of a coin has an equal chance of coming up heads or tails.

But drug testing is not as simple. It is an example of conditional probability. A drug test that is 95% accurate will not find drug users 95% of the time. That is because the test is applied to both drug users and non-users. We have to use a calculation known as Bayes’ Theorem to determine the real probabilities.

Bayes’ Theorem calculates the probability of one event happening given that another event has already happened. In terms of drug testing, this means the probability that a randomly selected person who has a positive test did in fact use that drug.

To perform the calculations, we need to know two things:

1. The accuracy of the drug test
2. The “base rate” at which drug use occurs in the population at large.

The accuracy of drug tests varies widely. A 2010 study estimated that drug tests generally produce false-positive results in 5% to 10% of cases and false negatives in 10% to 15% of cases.

Data on the base rate of drug use also varies. The CDC claims as many as 25% of chronic pain patients develop signs of opioid use disorder. However, a Cochrane review found addiction in less than 2% of long-term opioid users.

This gives us four general scenarios to consider when estimating the probability that a chronic pain patient with a positive test result is actually misusing opioids:

Scenario I (25% base rate; 95% accurate drug test):  90%
Scenario II (25% base rate; 90% accurate drug test): 83%
Scenario III (2% base rate; 95% accurate drug test):  29%
Scenario IV (2% base rate; 90% accurate drug test):  17%

With a high base rate of opioid misuse and a more accurate test, the probability is high at 90 percent. On the other hand, as the base rate falls and test accuracy decreases, the probability drops significantly, down to 17 percent. This means that the probability of a person getting a false positive result increases.

The Base Rate Fallacy

Bayes’ Theorem clearly shows that the base rate of drug use has a large effect on the probability that a person will get a false test result. Because clinical decisions and healthcare policy are often based on the results of such tests, knowing the probabilities is vitally important.

The base rate fallacy occurs when a decision is made without taking the real base rate into consideration. As shown above, the upper value of 25% is more than 10 times the lower value of 2 percent, indicating a high degree of uncertainty in the base rate.

Moreover, the base rate is not the same in all locations or across all populations. Drug abuse is known to be higher in some places and among some age groups. The accuracy of drug tests also represents an average, but factors such as biochemical individuality and testing conditions may influence actual performance.

Further, drug testing is not an entirely random process. For instance, prior to prescribing opioid medication, a doctor may perform a risk assessment using an Opioid Risk Tool. A doctor may also have hints that a patient is abusing opioids to motivate testing. In either case, randomness is lost and the base rate shifts.

Conditional probability produces counter-intuitive results, with a high degree of dependence on the base rate -- itself a number that requires constant attention.

The bottom line is that drug testing alone is not foolproof. Clinical judgment by experienced physicians, combined with information such as pharmacy data, pill counts and medical records, will always get better odds than drug testing alone.

Roger Chriss lives with Ehlers Danlos syndrome and is a proud member of the Ehlers-Danlos Society.

Roger is a technical consultant in Washington state, where he specializes in mathematics and research.

The information in this column should not be considered as professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is for informational purposes only and represents the author’s opinions alone. It does not inherently express or reflect the views, opinions and/or positions of Pain News Network.

Kratom Non-Profit Seeks Missing Financial Records

By Pat Anson, Editor

A widening rift in the kratom community erupted into a virtual earthquake today with the release of a statement by the American Kratom Association that accuses its founder and former chair of financial improprieties.

Susan Ash called the allegations against her “defamation” and suggested she would take legal action against the organization that she created.

Ash founded the American Kratom Association (AKA) in 2014 and played a prominent role in its successful campaign last year to prevent the Drug Enforcement Administration from listing kratom as a controlled substance. She resigned as chair in May after complaints arose about her management of the AKA, a non-profit that has grown considerably in size and funding in the past year.

“I regret to say that even during our biggest successes, I have heard ill-informed and malicious sniping about AKA and me," Ash said at the time. “I am an organizer and a front-line campaigner and that is where I need to be for kratom. I am stepping down from the AKA board effective immediately to concentrate more on those efforts.”

SUSAN ASH

Ash remained as national spokesperson for the AKA, but was suspended after an internal audit of the organization’s financial records.

“The preliminary financial review identified significant discrepancies and missing records in financial documentation for compensation and expense reimbursements paid to Ms. Ash over a significant time period. Several of the expenditures are substantial, and have raised significant questions as to whether they were appropriate for reimbursement from donor funds,” the AKA said in its statement.

“A formal request was made to Ms. Ash to provide receipts and justifications for expenses to allow for the financial review to be completed, but Ms. Ash has been unwilling and/or unable to provide the necessary receipts and records to justify these expenditures.”

The statement also said Ash refused to relinquish control of the AKA’s bank and PayPal accounts. Current AKA chairman Dave Herman told PNN the organization has “no idea how much money" is in those accounts and no longer has access to them.  It has since established new accounts. 

“The statement that the American Kratom Association put out about me today is defamation. That is the only comment I will make about it, as this matter is in the hands of lawyers,” Ash said in a statement on her Facebook page.

Ash worked tirelessly to promote the safe use of kratom, which she used to control her opioid addiction. Millions of others have found the herbal supplement effective in treating chronic pain, depression, anxiety and addiction.

Listing kratom as a Schedule I controlled substance, alongside heroin and LSD, would have made it a felony to possess or distribute. The DEA suspended its plan to list kratom after a very effective public relations and lobbying campaign by Ash and the AKA.

“I've never fought a harder, more public battle -- not just because of the terrible odds against us, but because this one opened up my private life, including my very personal struggles with addiction, to the world,” Ash wrote in a Facebook post last August.

“I wasn't prepared to be the poster child, or to have admirers, or to have haters, but I believed with every fiber of my being that kratom is safe and can change and save lives including my own, so this battle was worth it.”

The AKA’s political success led to an infusion of over $800,000 in donations last year, according to Herman, who says Ash was being paid over $5,000 a month when she resigned as chair.  Until this year she was paid only a small stipend.

Herman said Ash has ignored repeated requests to turn over receipts and other financial records, and has continued to “interfere” with the AKA. He told PNN the board preferred to keep the estrangement with Ash a private matter, but felt it had no choice but to go public.

susan ash at 2016 rally at white house

“I didn’t want to try this in the court of public opinion,” Herman said. “What I want to have happen, with all my heart, is for her to pony up the receipts, go quietly her way and let us go quietly our way with no disparagement of any kind. There’s no desire to do this. I fought hard to not do this. But when you’re given no choice, you got to go.”   

A Pained Life: It Never Hurts to Ask

By Carol Levy, Columnist

Recently a documentary was released on Netflix about Lady Gaga.  A part of her story is that she has fibromyalgia. 

I have not seen the film, but understand she devotes a little time to detailing and showing how she deals with chronic pain, both physicially and emotionally. Articles and posts abound in chronic pain social media about the film and Lady Gaga's pain.

The odd thing is many of the writers start by complaining that people don’t understand their pain, why they have to take drugs, and why they can't do many things that seem so easy to everyone else. 

Then, strangely, they do exactly what they complain happens to them.  They express doubts about Lady Gaga’s diagnosis, wonder if she is malingering, and say she can't really have fibro because her level of suffering and disability is not the same as theirs.

It seems we in the chronic pain community want to have our cake and eat it, too.  We want to have the discussion about chronic pain made public. We want awareness. But the awareness has to be exactly the way we want it or we don't want it at all

SCENE FROM "GAGA: FIVE FOOT TWO"

Many in the pain community express feelings that anything in the public eye that even hints of chronic pain should be about the person's struggles and life interruptions caused by pain.  Lady Gaga is a case in point. 

“She didn’t talk enough about fibro,” writes one person, others echoing the sentiment. “I thought from all the hype I heard it was going to be about that.” 

It would have been terrific if Lady Gaga had devoted more time to her disease and its effects on her life, but then that really was not the point of the documentary.

“Some of the film may actually be hurtful to some of us, as it shows her being able to do very physical things that are often beyond many of us as we struggle with the pain. If you have watched her perform she is not a sedentary singer,” wrote one poster on social media.  

Maybe it is worth asking her. Could you do something more, maybe another film or even just a commercial, that would bring needed attention to chronic pain and its effects on our lives?  

Last month was Pain Awareness Month, and it went by with almost no awareness or notice at all.  Lady Gaga might be the awareness hook that we need.

But we need to stop lamenting, hoping and complaining that no one is doing enough.  It is past time to take the bull by the horns.  We have to do it ourselves.  As they say, if not now, when? If not us, who?

And who knows? If someone or a bunch of someones ask Lady Gaga or another celebrity to be our voice, they might actually respond. If we don't ask, we’ll never know if they want to help the pain community.

The worst they can say is no.  And maybe, just maybe, we can get a “Yes.”

Carol Jay Levy has lived with trigeminal neuralgia, a chronic facial pain disorder, for over 30 years. She is the author of “A Pained Life, A Chronic Pain Journey.” 

Carol is the moderator of the Facebook support group “Women in Pain Awareness.” Her blog “The Pained Life” can be found here.

The information in this column should not be considered as professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is for informational purposes only and represent the author’s opinions alone. It does not inherently express or reflect the views, opinions and/or positions of Pain News Network.

9 Holistic Approaches to Relieve Joint Pain

By Nicole Noel, Guest Columnist

Whatever your ailment may be, holistic medicine has an answer.

A therapeutic method that dates back to early civilizations, holistic medicine takes into account the mind, body, emotions and spirit -- with the aim of helping patients achieve or restore proper balance in life and prevent or heal a range of conditions, including musculoskeletal pain. Holistic treatments offer a ray of hope for many patients suffering from arthritis, osteoporosis, fibromyalgia and other conditions that cause joint pain.

Not all alternative medicine is created equal, and some natural healing methods will produce better and quicker results. If you want to treat arthritis and other joint aches with holistic treatments, here are a few natural pain relievers you can try.

1. Tai Chi

A low-impact activity that can increase range of motion and strengthen joints and surrounding muscle tissue, tai chi is an ancient physical and spiritual practice that can help arthritis patients soldier through their pain.

According to a 2013 study, tai chi can relieve pain, stiffness, and other side-effects of osteoarthritis. In addition to pain relief, tai chi can help improve range of motion and alleviate joint pain for people living with fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis.

2. Yoga

Another ancient technique which promotes natural healing, yoga is perfect for individuals suffering from lower back and joint pain. Gentle stretches and poses opening the joints can help prevent and alleviate chronic soreness in the shoulders, hips, and knees.

A form of yoga called mudras utilizes a series of hand gestures to increase energy, and improve mood and concentration.

3. Massage

An invigorating massage with warm essential oil can help many conditions, and joint pain is one of them.

By enhancing blood flow, relaxing the muscle tissue and soothing inflammation, a well-timed massage can ease joint stiffness and increase range of motion in individuals suffering from arthritis, fibromyalgia, and osteoporosis.

4. Acupuncture

A 2013 review of medical studies has shown that acupuncture can help relieve musculoskeletal pain caused by fibromyalgia. By activating the body’s natural pain relief system and stimulating the nerves, muscles and connective tissue, acupuncture can relieve joint aches for people who are resistant to other holistic pain relief techniques.

A 2010 study found that acupuncture can also be a beneficial for peripheral joint osteoarthritis.

5. Diet Changes

An apple a day may or may not keep the doctor away, but a custom-tailored diet can help you with joint pain. Nutritional tweaks can begin with increased intake of chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine, and Omega 3 fatty acids, which can reduce joint pain in arthritis and osteoporosis patients.

To ease joint problems, your pantry should be stocked with foods that promote healing and reduce inflammation, such as onions, carrots, and flaxseed. Herbs and spices such as turmeric (curcumin) and cayenne pepper can also help with pain relief.

6. Aromatherapy

If you think pain relief can’t smell good, you’re mistaken. Studies have shown that peppermint and eucalyptus oil can reduce swelling, pain and discomfort in patients with inflamed joints. For joint soreness and stiffness caused by arthritis, aromatherapy experts recommend regular application of myrrh, turmeric, orange, or frankincense oil to ease inflammation and pain, and to increase range of motion.

You can also combine aromatherapy with heat and cold treatments.  Be sure to keep the tender joints elevated during treatment to reduce swelling.

7. Spa Treatments

Few things can beat the appeal of a full-scale spa experience. If you’re suffering from knee, hip, shoulder or elbow pain and other holistic methods haven’t helped, try balneotherapy, which combines aqua massage with deep soaks in heated mineral water and medicinal mud baths.

One study found that balneotherapy significantly reduced knee and back pain in older adults.

8. Aquatic Sports

If you don’t want to immerse yourself in mud, you can supplement your holistic pain therapy with water aerobics, swimming, aqua jogging or aqua spinning. According to a 2014 study, water exercises can ease pain and improve joint function for osteoarthritis patients.

Additionally, a 2015 study found that aquatic circuit training can help relieve knee pain in cases of progressed osteoarthritis.

9. Capsaicin cream

Another natural treatment for joint pain and stiffness is homemade capsaicin cream, which can help reduce swelling and increase range of motion. To stay on the safe side, you should be careful when handling hot peppers when preparing the cream, and avoid using it on sensitive and damaged skin.

As our bodies age, joint pain can become a chronic. If you don’t want to take your chances with conventional pharmaceuticals, you can always turn to holistic medicine for answers and help. When musculoskeletal pain hits home, one or more of these holistic treatments can help.

Nicole Noel is a lifestyle blogger who is passionate about yoga and healthy living. She enjoys sharing her experiences and ideas on how to lead a happy and healthy life. If you want to read more from Nicole, you can find her on Twitter and Facebook.

The information in this column should not be considered as professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is for informational purposes only and represent the author’s opinions alone. It does not inherently express or reflect the views, opinions and/or positions of Pain News Network.

Unlikely Partners in Pain App Study

By Pat Anson, Editor

Purdue Pharma and a Pennsylvania-based healthcare provider have announced the enrollment of their first patient in a joint study of wearable health technology. As many as 240 people will eventually be enrolled in the two-year study, which is designed to see if “wearables” can help manage chronic pain.

It’s an unlikely partnership between Purdue Pharma, which faces multiple lawsuits over its promotion of the painkiller OxyContin, and the Geisinger Health System, which is actively trying to discourage the use of opioid pain medication. Geisinger provides healthcare to over 3 million people in Pennsylvania and New Jersey.

Geisinger patients enrolled in the study will get an Apple Watch and iPhone equipped with pain apps that will measure their physical activity, self-reported pain, disability, sleep quality, depression, medication use and heart rate.

Patients who report pain will be prompted to try non-pharmaceutical alternative therapies, such as stretching, mindfulness and thermotherapy.

“The goal of this technology is to improve patient function and quality of life while reducing the need for analgesic medications. It provides objective measures of numerous aspects of pain, function and treatment effectiveness so that information can be gathered for the patient and the healthcare provider in between visits,” said Dr. Tracy Mayne, who heads Medical Affairs Strategic Research at Purdue Pharma.

“We are pleased to partner with Geisinger on this important initiative and believe real-time data may have the potential to support an improved understanding of chronic pain patients’ experiences and needs.”

The study's primary goals are to assess whether the use of wearables can reduce pain, depression, medication use, and healthcare costs.

“We are incorporating advanced technology into the traditional healthcare setting to redirect and empower the patient to take more control of their own well-being. The proposed multi-level integrated platform will facilitate and accelerate the speed of communication between the patient and healthcare providers, thereby allowing quicker patient access to appropriate care,” said John Han, MD, director of Pain Medicine at Geisinger.

“Furthermore, it is hoped providing more education as well as alternative, non-opioid treatment options and coaching to promote a long-term sustainable healthy lifestyle will improve patient function and quality of life.”

Further details about the study can be found here.

The study comes as Purdue fights a seemingly endless series of court battles with state and local governments over its marketing of OxyContin over a decade ago. Critics contend the overprescribing and abuse of OxyContin helped launch the overdose crisis.

A recent study by Geisinger found that opioids are ineffective in treating chronic pain and increase the risk of overdose and death.

"Opioids are not the answer," said Mellar Davis, MD, a palliative care physician for Geisinger. "Chronic pain rehabilitation, exercise, cognitive behavioral therapies, acupuncture, yoga or tai chi are all better options than opioids."

Cigna Won’t Pay for OxyContin in 2018

By John Burke, Guest Columnist

A major health insurance company -- Cigna -- announced this week that they it is removing OxyContin from its list of approved medications and replacing it with another extended release oxycodone product.

“Our focus is on helping customers get the most value from their medications — this means obtaining effective pain relief while also guarding against opioid misuse," said Jon Maesner, Cigna's chief pharmacy officer.

OxyContin is the only opioid-based prescription painkiller that Cigna is removing in 2018 as "a preferred option" from its formulary, a list of medications that its health plans will pay for.

On the surface, this declaration might appear to be a great stride toward reducing prescription drug abuse. Cigna is replacing OxyContin with Collegium’s product, Xtampza ER, which is also an abuse deterrent extended release oxycodone product. 

My problem with this announcement is that OxyContin, along with the other abuse deterrent formulations (ADFs), have very little abuse issues. OxyContin certainly did up until its reformulation in August 2010, but that was over 7 years ago! Since then, there is much documentation from a variety of sources that show the diversion of OxyContin has fallen extensively.

Xtampa ER and the other abuse deterrent formulations also have little to no abuse issues since they have been on the market. 

If Cigna wants to change drugs, that’s likely a financial decision and one they should make, but please don’t tout your move as striking a blow for reducing drug diversion.

It will do nothing to reduce drug diversion, since the clear majority of diversion falls into the immediate release opioids, primarily oxycodone and hydrocodone. 

What is even more concerning to me is the vilifying of any drug that hundreds of thousands of legitimate pain patients take to live a semblance of a normal life, especially when that drug does not have a recent history of abuse and diversion. It also tends to make suspect any and all abuse deterrent products, which is deceptive at best. 

One thing the abuse deterrent formulations have done is to help narrow their focus to legitimate pain patients. Those seeking to get “high” moved to immediate release opioids or black market heroin/fentanyl combinations, not the ADF products. That’s why the FDA is now considering requiring companies that produce generic opioids to develop ADF properties for their drugs. 

No matter what Cigna declares, the bottom line is that ADF’s have been successful. They are not an end all to diversion and abuse, but they do help pain patients get easier access to pain medication. I am hoping that is everybody’s ultimate goal. 

John Burke recently retired after nearly 50 years in drug and law enforcement in southwestern Ohio.

John is a former president of the National Association of Drug Diversion Investigators and current president of the International Health Facility Diversion Association.

The information in this column should not be considered as professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is for informational purposes only and represent the author’s opinions alone. It does not inherently express or reflect the views, opinions and/or positions of Pain News Network.

Can Analgesic Creams Treat Chronic Pain?

By Pat Anson, Editor

An Irish opera singer who suffered from the same chronic pain condition as Lady Gaga claims she was “cured” of fibromyalgia by rubbing a topical cream on her body.

“I was amazed that within a few hours of putting the cream on my knees and my neck, the pain started to ease and the swelling abated slightly,” Liz Farrell told the Daily Mail. “By the end of the first week I was able to start reducing my daily intake of painkillers.”

Farrell was diagnosed six years ago with fibromyalgia – a condition that causes widespread body pain, fatigue and insomnia. The 40-year old singer tried a cocktail of drugs that included tramadol, Cymbalta, Lyrica and anti-inflammatory medications, but her pain only grew worse and she stopped performing.

Then Farrell started using Celafen, a drug-free topical cream that contains menthol, Vitamin E and a patented blend of fatty acids called Celadrin, which lubricates cell membranes and has anti-inflammatory properties.

“I felt completely normal again, like my old self. I was able to start driving again, which I’d not been able to do for two years,” said Farrell, who recently started performing again. “It has been like coming to the end of a prison sentence, to have that freedom back again.” 

"I can’t begin to imagine how Lady Gaga has been coping with her stage performances with this crippling condition; she must be a very brave lady.”

Lady Gaga’s battle with chronic pain has received a great deal of media coverage lately. She recently cancelled concert appearances in Brazil and Europe to focus on her health.

Would Celadrin help Lady Gaga? Would it help you? The reviews online are a bit mixed.

“Celadrin works very well for me. I've been dealing with a shoulder injury for about six months, and I have tried almost every pain control cream and gel on the market. This is one of the best I've found,” said one reviewer.

“I'm using it on a painful knee and surrounding muscles and ligaments,” another reviewer wrote. “I was really hoping this cream would provide relief. I need to take pain pills so I can walk so I'm not sure how much this cream really helps.”

“It is truly amazing how it takes away all my aches & pains. I suffer from disc issues - cervical to lumbar area. I get referred pain in my upper arms from my cervical disc issues. I rub this on and instantly I feel so much comfort,” a woman wrote.

“Expensive. Smelly and doesn't do a thing,” said another. 

Whether it works or not, it’s fairly cheap. Celafen cream is sold online in the U.K. for £9.95 – or $11.65. You can also buy Celadrin in various formulations on Amazon for about the same price.

Study Finds Analgesic Creams Effective

Topical analgesic creams are mostly used to treat acute pain in sore muscles and joints – not the intractable pain that comes from severe chronic illness. But a new study published in the Journal of Pain Research suggests that creams are effective and could be safer than opioids and other prescription drugs in managing chronic pain.

In the observational study of 631 patients with moderately severe chronic pain, Clarity Science researchers found significant decreases in pain in patients who used generic analgesic creams daily for 3 to 6 months. Most of the creams contained diclofenac, ketoprofen or flurbiprofen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) that were combined with other neuropathic agents.

"The study is important in that existing topical analgesics that have lost big Pharma interest have been found not only to have a profound therapeutic effect, but also offer a safe and effective alternative to opioids," Dennis Harris, MD, Clarity's Chief Medical Officer said in a press release. “New and experimental drugs are not always the answer to current issues."

Researchers say 54% of treated patients in the 3-month group and 60% of treated patients in the 6-month group reduced their use of pain medications. Over half the patients who were not treated with analgesic creams increased their use of pain medication.

Treated patients also reported a preference for topical treatments and only a few had side effects.

"The results of this study show that topical analgesics were associated with reductions of up to 60% in the use of concurrent pain medications, including oral opioid analgesics,” said Jeffrey Gudin, MD, lead investigator of the study and the Director of Pain and Palliative Care at Englewood Hospital in New Jersey.

“Topical agents have the potential to provide analgesic effects without the risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction or systemic adverse events (AEs) associated with oral analgesics. Also, they lower the risk of systemic AEs and drug-drug interactions, have limited systemic absorption, offer simple-dose determination, provide direct access to the target site, and are easy for patients to apply."

For the record, Dr. Gudin was paid to participate in the Clarity Science study. Gudin is a popular speaker at pain management conferences and last year received nearly $280,000 in speaking and consulting fees from opioid manufacturers and other drug makers. Clarity Science received funding for the study from several independent specialty pharmacies that sell analgesic creams.

Gabapentin Raises Risk of Opioid Overdose

By Pat Anson, Editor

Another study is raising questions about the safety of the anti-seizure drug gabapentin, especially when it’s taken with opioid pain medication.

According to research published online in PLOS Medicine, combining gabapentin with opioid painkillers is associated with a significantly higher risk of dying from an opioid overdose than opioid use alone.

"Clinicians should consider carefully whether to continue prescribing this combination of products, and when deemed necessary, should closely monitor their patients and adjust opioid dose accordingly," wrote lead author Tara Gomes, PhD, principal investigator for the Ontario Drug Policy Research Network and an assistant professor at the University of Toronto.

Gomes and her colleagues analyzed data from 1,256 people in Ontario, Canada who died from opioid-related causes, and compared them with a control group of 4,619 people who also used opioid medication, but did not die of an opioid-related cause.

Overall, 12.3% of the people who died and 6.8% in the control group were prescribed gabapentin in the prior 120 days. After adjusting for additional risk factors, the researchers estimated that the combination of gabapentin and opioids was associated with a 49% higher risk of dying from an opioid overdose.

Although gabapentin is an anticonvulsant originally developed as a treatment for epilepsy, it is now widely prescribed for neuropathy and other chronic pain conditions, sometimes in combination with opioids.

Until now, no previous study had examined the risks of using gabapentin and opioid medication simultaneously, even though both are known to cause respiratory depression that can lead to an overdose.

“Our study has important implications for public health, particularly given the high degree of co-prescription. Almost 10% of patients treated with an opioid in our study also used gabapentin, while nearly half of patients treated with gabapentin were co-prescribed opioids,” said Gomes.

“Gabapentin is frequently used as an adjunct to opioids for neuropathic pain syndromes, but physicians may not be aware of the potential for respiratory depression with this drug; thus, increased awareness among patients and clinicians about the potential for a life-threatening interaction between these drugs is essential.”

The researchers believe pregabalin, an anticonvulsant that acts similarly to gabapentin, may also raise the risk of overdose when taken with opioids. But they were unable to test their theory because of the limited use of pregabalin during the study period.

Both pregabalin and gabapentin are produced by Pfizer -- under the brand names Lyrica and Neurontin -- and are two of its top selling drugs. Pfizer did not respond to a request for comment on the Canadian study.

A previous study linked pregabalin and gabapentin to an uptick in opioid overdoses in England and Wales. Some addicts believe the drugs can boost the “high” they get from heroin and other illicit substances.

Gabapentin is approved by the FDA to treat epilepsy and neuropathic pain caused by shingles. It is also prescribed “off-label” for depression, migraine, fibromyalgia and bipolar disorder. About 64 million prescriptions were written for gabapentin in the U.S. in 2016, a 49% increase since 2011.

Pregabalin is approved by the FDA to treat diabetic nerve pain, fibromyalgia, epilepsy, post-herpetic neuralgia caused by shingles and spinal cord injury. It is also prescribed off label to treat a variety of other conditions.

The CDC’s opioid prescribing guidelines recommend both pregabalin and gabapentin as alternatives to opioids, without saying a word about their potential for abuse or side effects. Pfizer has signed agreements with local prosecutors in Chicago and Santa Clara County, California to support the CDC guidelines and withdraw funding from patient advocacy groups and non-profits that question their validity.   

A recent commentary in the The New England Journal of Medicine warned that gabapentinoids -- the class of medication that Neurontin and Lyrica belong to -- are being overprescribed.

"We believe… that gabapentinoids are being prescribed excessively — partly in response to the opioid epidemic,” wrote Christopher Goodman, MD, and Allan Brett, MD. “We suspect that clinicians who are desperate for alternatives to opioids have lowered their threshold for prescribing gabapentinoids to patients with various types of acute, subacute, and chronic noncancer pain."

How the FDA Can Help Solve the Overdose Crisis

By A. Rahman Ford, Columnist

As the U.S. Food and Drug Administration prepares to issue new guidelines on stem cell therapy, it must give due consideration to the ever-increasing number of Americans who suffer from intolerable chronic pain.

According to the National Institutes of Health, over 25 million American adults suffer from chronic pain and nearly 40 million have severe levels of pain.  To alleviate that pain, many turn to addictive opioid medications, sometimes with deadly consequences. 

Under former FDA Commissioner Robert Califf, the agency took several steps to reduce opioid addiction, including improved warning labels, enhanced education for prescribers, and the development of abuse-deterrent drug formulations. 

Unfortunately, those initiatives have had negligible success in stemming the tide of opioid overdose, perhaps because, as Califf himself put it, “financial incentives in the (pharmaceutical) industry can lead to a focus on short-term profits instead of patient well-being.”

Indeed, although opioid addiction has seeped into the public consciousness and ascended to the top of many politicians’ agendas, the attention has been largely rhetorical -- practical, immediate-term solutions to the overdose crisis remain few and far between.  Clearly, new approaches are needed. 

Stem cell therapy can be a meaningful intervention in the effort to eradicate chronic pain and end opioid deaths.  The fact is that many physicians are already using stem cells to treat chronic pain safely and effectively, and have been doing so for years. 

Stem cell therapy can be a meaningful intervention in the effort to eradicate chronic pain and end opioid deaths.  The fact is that many physicians are already using stem cells to treat chronic pain safely and effectively, and have been doing so for years.  But with the issuance of new guidelines, which are expected this fall, the FDA could very well limit access to stem cell therapy, even to stem cells that come from our own bodies. 

Current FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb recently said stem cells hold “significant promise for transformative and potentially curative treatments,” but some unscrupulous stem cell clinics were preying on sick people desperate to find cures. While cracking down on these bad actors, Gottlieb must not lose sight of the fact that stem cell therapy is a potential solution to everyday Americans’ chronic pain.

Science Supports Stem Cells for Pain

Let’s take a brief look at some of the recent scientific literature about stem cell therapy, and how it can attenuate or even eliminate the chronic pain that results from a myriad of medical conditions. 

A 2014 study in the Journal of Pain Research made the case for the use of adult stem cells to treat neuropathic pain.  Due to the "scarce response to the conventional analgesic therapy,” the authors said it was “mandatory to identify and propose novel approaches" to neuropathic pain. They noted the “fast onset and long-lasting effect on pain relief that one injection (of stem cells) could provide,” an outcome far superior to drugs which require chronic administration, have side effects, and require periodic dose increases.

That same year, an editorial in the British Journal of Medical Practitioners entitled “Stem Cell Therapy: The Future of Pain Medicine” claimed that “recent advancements for SCT (stem cell therapy) for pain due to degenerative diseases in the spine and joints are promising and indicative that SCT will undoubtedly play a major role in the future.” 

A 2015 review in the World Journal of Stem Cells examined the plausibility of using stem cells to treat acute, chronic and neuropathic musculoskeletal pain, concluding that stem cells “show promise for several chronic non-life-threatening yet disabling conditions.”

Just this year, in a review published in Frontiers in Immunology, researchers said stem cells derived from a patient’s bone marrow “may provide efficient, long-term, and safe therapy for patients with painful diseases” such as osteoarthritis, degenerative disc injuries, inflammatory bowel disease, neuropathic pain, and pain associated with cancer and radiotherapy.

Stem cells can alleviate pain in a myriad of ways.  A recent study published in Military Medicine found that a low-dose stem cell injection significantly attenuated neuropathic pain in injured rats, regardless of whether the cells were derived from bone marrow or adipose (fatty) tissue.  The authors concluded that the therapy “has great potential to emerge as an innovative, safe, efficacious, and cost-effective therapy for the treatment [of] neuropathic pain or other chronic pain conditions.”

A 2016 study published in International Orthopaedics followed 26 patients who suffered from chronic discogenic lower back pain who were injected with their own bone marrow concentrate.  All 26 patients had a significant decline in their pain and disability scores, and were able to avoid surgery. 

Stem Cells Can be a Remarkable Solution

As the above sampling of literature suggests, stem cells can treat chronic pain caused by several illnesses.  It is important to note that no subjects in any of the referenced studies experienced significant adverse effects.  Safety was simply not an issue.  The results regarding the use of autologous stem cells – a patient’s own stem cells -- are especially noteworthy because, so long as the cells are “minimally manipulated,” under current FDA regulations approval is not required.

If this were to change due or be restricted under new FDA guidelines, many patients would be left with no viable pain treatment options.  Let us not forget that former Texas governor and current Secretary of Energy Rick Perry once suffered from chronic back pain, and found no answer in surgery or pills.  Perry found relief in his own stem cells.  All of us deserve that chance.

On June 13 of this year, Commissioner Gottlieb made it clear that “everyone at the FDA is committed to focusing on all aspects of the [opioid] epidemic” and promised to seek input from the public “to share additional steps and information that the FDA should consider in addressing these challenges.” 

Commissioner Gottlieb, a growing number of Americans like Secretary Perry are already using stem cells to solve problems that current treatment modalities have failed to cure.  They're traveling to clinics at home and abroad because their pain is disabling and insufferable. 

Commissioner Gottlieb, by adopting a forward-thinking policy on stem cell therapy – specifically autologous stem cell therapy – you can fulfill your promise to the American people.

A. Rahman Ford, PhD, is a lawyer and research professional. He is a graduate of Rutgers University and the Howard University School of Law, where he served as Editor in Chief of the Howard Law Journal. He earned his PhD at the University of Pennsylvania.

Rahman lives with chronic inflammation in his digestive tract and is unable to eat solid food. He has received stem cell treatment in China.  

The information in this column should not be considered as professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is for informational purposes only and represent the author’s opinions alone. It does not inherently express or reflect the views, opinions and/or positions of Pain News Network.

Patient Advocates Call on Brandeis to Fire Kolodny

By Pat Anson, Editor

A coalition of physicians, patient advocates and pain sufferers has written an open letter to Brandeis University asking for the dismissal of Andrew Kolodny, MD, a longtime critic of opioid prescribing who is co-director of opioid policy research at the university’s Heller School for Social Policy and Management.

Kolodny is the founder and Executive Director of Physicians for Responsible Opioid Prescribing (PROP), an anti-opioid activist group that has lobbied politicians and regulators for years to enact stronger measures to limit prescribing of opioid pain medication.

“Dr. Kolodny has been prominent in a national campaign to deny chronic pain patients even minimal management of their pain.  His actions are directed toward forcing draconian restrictions or outright withdrawal of this class of medications from medical practice,” reads the letter to Brandeis President Ronald Liebowitz and other top administrators at the university.

“He calls for forced tapering of patients formerly prescribed opioids. Policy positions for which he advocates are leading to the deaths of hundreds of chronic pain patients by suicide or pain-related heart failure and medical collapse.”

The letter was drafted by Richard Lawhern, PhD, and signed by over 60 healthcare professionals and patient advocates, including pain management specialists Forest Tennant, MD, and Aimee Chagnon, MD. Lawhern is the corresponding secretary of the “Opioid Policy Correspondents List,” an ad hoc volunteer group that advocates for better pain care. The group receives no funding from outside sources.

To read the letter in its entirety, click here.

Kolodny is a controversial figure in the pain community and is often quoted in the news media as an expert on issues involving pain management, even though his professional background is in psychiatry and addiction treatment.  He often refers to opioid medication as “heroin pills” and has suggested that patients shouldn’t trust doctors who prescribe opioids.

“I wish I could tell you that you should trust your doctor and talk to your doctor about this, but that may not be the case,” Kolodny said on C-SPAN in 2015. “We have doctors even prescribing to teenagers and parents not recognizing that the doctor has just essentially prescribed the teenager the equivalent of a heroin pill.”

“Although Dr. Kolodny has a work history in public health and addiction psychiatry, he is neither qualified nor Board Certified in pain management -- a closely related field that has been profoundly and negatively impacted by his assertions concerning public policy. From his published articles and interviews, it is clear to many readers that he knows or cares little about chronic pain patients and their treatment,” Lawhern’s letter states.

In a series of Tweets earlier this year, Kolodny said patients on “dangerously high doses” of opioids should be tapered to lower doses even if they refuse. He then asked for specific examples of doctors “forcing tapers in a risky fashion.”

Dozens of people responded with examples of patients becoming seriously ill or committing suicide after forced tapering, which Kolodny ignored.   

The letter to Brandeis calls Kolodny "one of the most polarizing and hated figures in medicine" among people in pain.

“In our view and those of many people whom he has harmed, Dr. Kolodny makes no positive contribution to the work or reputation of Brandeis or its research centers.  To the contrary, we believe it is ethically and morally imperative that he be dismissed immediately from the University, before his presence further damages both your reputation and your financial endowments,” the letter states.

The university did not respond to a request for comment on the letter. Neither did Kolodny.

Brandeis is a well-regarded liberal arts and private research university located near Boston. The Heller School for Social Policy and Management is often ranked as one of the top ten schools in social policy.  Kolodny joined Heller last year as a senior scientist after resigning as chief medical officer at Phoenix House, which runs a chain of addiction treatment centers.

Kolodny and PROP played central roles in developing the 2016 CDC opioid guidelines, which discourage primary care physicians from prescribing opioids for chronic pain. Although voluntary and only intended for primary care doctors, the guidelines have been widely adopted as mandatory by insurers, federal agencies and throughout the U.S. healthcare system.

In an online survey of over 3,100 pain patients and healthcare providers on the first anniversary of the guidelines’ release, most said the guidelines were harmful to patients, had not improved the quality of pain care, and failed to reduce opioid abuse and overdoses. Critics also cite anecdotal evidence that the guidelines have contributed to an increase in patient suicides.

Heroin Overdoses in ER's Surpass Rx Opioid Overdoses

By Pat Anson, Editor

The number of patients admitted and discharged from U.S. hospitals for abuse of opioid pain medication has declined significantly this decade, while the abuse of heroin and illicit fentanyl has surged, according to a new study that documents the shifting nature of the nation’s overdose crisis.

Researchers at Stanford University analyzed national trends in hospital inpatient and emergency department (ED) discharges for opioid abuse, dependence and poisoning from 1997 to 2014, the last year data was available.

They found that hospital admissions for overdoses from pain medication started falling in 2010, the same year that opioid prescriptions began declining.

At the same time, hospital discharge rates for heroin poisoning increased at an annual rate of over 31 percent. By 2014, heroin overdoses exceeded those from prescription opioids in emergency rooms by almost a 2 to 1 margin.

“After 2008, ED discharge rates for heroin poisoning increased more sharply than the rates for any opioid poisoning -- signaling that the scope of heroin harm is worse than previously suggested -- while discharges for prescription opioid poisoning recently began to decline in both the ED and inpatient settings,” researchers reported in the journal Health Affairs.

“While these changes could be the result of national and local policies aimed at reducing the prescribing of opioids, the expanded availability of heroin and new lethal illicit drugs, such as nonpharmaceutical fentanyl, could mean that they are being used instead of prescription opioids.”

The findings add evidence to recent public health concerns that people misusing or addicted to prescription opioids are switching to heroin and synthetic opioids such as fentanyl because they are cheaper and easier to get.

"This suggests that the expanded availability of lethal illicit drugs are being used to replace prescription opioids in some cases," said Tina Hernandez-Boussard, PhD, associate professor of medicine, of biomedical data sciences and of surgery at Stanford University School of Medicine.

source: health affairs

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has been reluctant to admit that efforts to reduce opioid prescribing could be backfiring, although their own statistics indicate otherwise.  Deaths involving heroin and synthetic opioids overtook overdoses linked to prescription opioids in 2016, the same year the CDC released its opioid prescribing guidelines.

As PNN has reported,  the CDC last week launched a public awareness campaign to combat the abuse of prescription opioids, a marketing effort driven by surveys and focus groups that completely ignores the scourge of heroin and illicit fentanyl.

“The campaign does not include messages about heroin. Specificity is a best practice in communication, and the Rx Awareness campaign messaging focuses on the critical issue of prescription opioids. Given the broad target audience, focusing on prescription opioids avoids diluting the campaign messaging. Heroin is a related topic that also needs formative research and message testing,” the CDC explained.

The Stanford study found that discharge rates for prescription opioid poisonings declined annually by about 5 percent from 2010 to 2014, while discharge rates for heroin poisoning increased at an annual rate of 31.4 percent from 2008 to 2014. The trend has likely worsened since 2014, as heroin and illicit fentanyl are even more widely available on the black market.

"I'm cautiously optimistic that prescribing clinicians are positively reacting to the opioid crisis and therefore prescription opioids are contributing less to the overall drug epidemic," Hernandez-Boussard said. "That's the good news. The bad news is that although prescription opioid use decreased, heroin and methadone greatly increased.”

Anna Lembke, MD, an associate professor of psychiatry at Stanford and a board member of Physicians for Responsible Opioid Prescribing (PROP), says she has no doubt many people addicted to prescription opioids have switched to using heroin or illicit fentanyl.

"My patients have told me that's exactly what they did," said Lembke. "Heroin was cheaper and easier to get."

Getting off Painkillers With Lidocaine Infusions

By Crystal Lindell, Columnist

I keep telling myself I’ll write about my weekly lidocaine infusions when I finally have everything figured out. 

I just need to figure out how to pay the $80-a-week co-pay, figure out who can drive me two hours each way to the hospital, and figure out how to manage the extreme fatigue I endure for at least 24 hours after each infusion. And I need to figure out how I can possibly do this every single Friday for the rest of my life.  

And then, once I figure everything out, I can tell you guys how I solved all of it and you will think I’m awesome. 

But I can’t freaking figure anything out.

I started the infusions this summer at the suggestion of my pain management doctor. I did a trial run, which was completely insane, but actually worked to cure my chronic pain for six days. And then I decided to continue the treatments weekly, because that’s how long it lasts for me. 

The first infusion was intense. Symptoms included: randomly crying and laughing because I lost control of my emotions, my lips going numb, extreme fatigue, losing coordination in my legs, nausea, and not being able to make basic life choices afterward — to the extent that I couldn’t even pick out which rice I wanted at Qdoba.  

Thankfully, the symptoms seem to be less intense as you get more of the infusions. I’m still extremely tired after each one though, and unable to drive, and my heart always feels weak. Also, I still can never decide on which rice to get. But I don’t feel like I’ve lost my mind each time. 

Each one takes about two hours at the hospital from start to finish, but that also include a saline flush at the end. I also need a full 24 hours to recover from every single one. And it’s not like an “Oh, I’m so high and this is fun!” 24 hours. It’s more of a hangover/flu/fatigue 24 hours. 

Also, like I said above, I have an $80 co-pay every week that I cannot afford at all. But actually that’s a great deal because the total bill for each one is about $500. I’m blessed to work full-time from home and have great insurance that mostly covers it. As far as chronic pain patients go, I’m probably in the top 1 percent. But it’s still too much for me. 

Honestly though, the hardest part has been finding rides. It’s a two-hour drive each way I’m and way too out of it afterward to drive myself. I have not been able to find anyone locally who does the infusions because the treatment is relatively new for chronic pain. And my town is so rural that we don’t even have Uber. If I ever have to stop the infusions, it will probably be because of that.

At this point you might be asking, “Crystal, this sounds like A LOT! Why are you even doing this? Why not just stick with hydrocodone?”

Because it freaking works. Really freaking well. And I kind of hate that it works because it is a traumatic experience every time, and I literally lose a day of my life every week and have no money. 

But dang if I haven’t had the best summer of my (post-pain) life this year. I’ve lost 33 pounds. I’ve been walking about six miles a day, six days a week. And while I still have some flares, I have entire pain-free days with NO hydrocodone or any other types of pain meds. And that means I get to live my life AND have complete mental clarity. In short, my quality of life has improved dramatically. 

It’s been miraculous. And thus, I am highly motivated to continue this treatment. 

Since starting the infusions, I have discovered a few helpful things. For example, drinking a full-sugar Gatorade and eating a Snicker’s bar right before the infusion seems to help with the fatigue. And doing a longer saline flush also helps with the after-effects. 

Also, the less I do physically the day of the infusion, the easier it is for me to recover afterward. And it’s important to wear extremely comfortable clothes and a large sweater regardless of the weather because the medication messes with your body temperature. 

I have not figured out the transportation yet, obviously. I actually called my insurance company today to ask if they had any suggestions, and they literally said, “Have you tried Googling it?” 

Yes. I have tried Googling it. 

I also called the hospital and they told me the only transportation they do is with an ambulance. Cool. Thanks. 

I’ve called a million local pain doctors and infusion centers and had appointments with a handful of them trying to find a local provider. One pain doctor said he could do them for me once a month, but that’s not enough and I’d just end up going on and off hydrocodone all the time. 

Every time I talk to a new pain doctor I beg them to start or expand this treatment so that others with chronic pain can get the same relief I do. 

With all the anti-opioid hysteria you would think doctors would be begging patients to try treatments like this. But alas, they are still sticking to the classic list of things that don’t really work — mindfulness, Cymbalta, nerve blocks, epidurals, and my personal favorite: “You should be taking fewer meds but I have no alternatives to offer.”

In contrast, research is showing that lidocaine infusions can be very effective. In a study recently published in Pain Medicine, they were shown to provide long-lasting and adequate analgesia in 41 percent of patients with chronic pain, most of whom had neuropathic pain. 

I am holding out hope that treatments like this will become more common and less expensive. But there’s another part of me that does worry that pumping my body full of an intense drug every week could have long-term effects that haven’t been discovered yet. 

In the end of course, treatment decisions like this have to be made on an individual level. Only you and your doctor can decide if getting drugged every week is worth it for six pain-free days.

For me though, it definitely is. 

Crystal Lindell is a journalist who lives in Illinois. She loves Taco Bell, watching "Burn Notice" episodes on Netflix and Snicker's Bites. She has had intercostal neuralgia since February 2013.

Crystal writes about it on her blog, “The Only Certainty is Bad Grammar.”

The information in this column should not be considered as professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is for informational purposes only and represent the author’s opinions alone. It does not inherently express or reflect the views, opinions and/or positions of Pain News Network.